ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
فهرست
https://jscw.icrc.ac.ir/article_81831_af97bc90664c7fb4b0f717b7c623094a.pdf
2021-11-22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
مروری بر مواد رنگزای خوراکی، فرصتها، چالشها و رویکردها
مصرفکنندگان خوراکیها در سطح جهانی در جستجوی غذای دلپذیر و جذاب از لحاظ مزه و ظاهر میباشند. همزمان بدنبال ایمنی و شفابخشی آن نیز هستند. رنگ غذا یک عامل اصلی و از جمله مهمترین خواصی است که موجب پذیرش و انتخاب آن میشود. مواد رنگزا میتوانند موجب افزایش و یا پوشش رنگ طبیعی غذا شده، به غذا هویت ببخشند و یا تزیین کنند. در زمان فرآوری غذاها مقدار قابلتوجهی از رنگ اصلی آنها از دست میرود. با مصرف مواد رنگزای سنتزی و یا طبیعی خوراکی این نقص بر طرف میشود. با توجه به عوارض جانبی رنگهای سنتزی از قبیل مسمومیتزایی متعدد در کوتاه و دراز مدت، واکنشهای حساسیتزایی، اثرات رفتاری و عصبی و همچنین آگاهیهای مصرفکنندگان امروزه بسیاری از رنگهای خوراکی سنتزی با نوع طبیعی جایگزین شدهاند. علاوه بر این رنگهای طبیعی دارای خواص ضدمیکروبی، آنتی اکسیدانی و درمانی در برابر بیماریها و اختلالات تندرستی نیز هستند. آنتوسیانینها، کاروتنوئیدها، ترکیبات فنلی، مشتقات حاصل از چغندر قرمز، آناتو، کلروفیلنها و برخی کیورکیومینوئیدها از جمله مواد رنگزای طبیعی پرمصرف میباشند که بر اساس قانونمندی در دسترس همگان قرار میگیرند. هدف از این گزارش فراهم آوردن رویکردی علمی در حوزه مواد رنگزای خوراکی سنتزی/ طبیعی مجاز و رایج است. همچنین فناوریهای صنعتی و زیستی مورد استفاده در بهینهکردن جذابیتهای غذایی، تاریخ مصرف، پایداری، تمایلات عمومی به آنها و چشم انداز آینده این صنعت شرح داده میشود.
https://jscw.icrc.ac.ir/article_81775_454282348162c888a143d13ee12bcaf9.pdf
2021-11-22
1
10
مواد رنگزای خوراکی
رنگهای طبیعی
ایمنی و شفابخشی
ذاکر
بحرینی
bahreiniz@yahoo.com
1
دانشیار، پژوهشکده فناوریهای شیمیایی، سازمان پژوهشهای علمی و صنعتی ایران
LEAD_AUTHOR
محمد
عابدی
2
دانشیار، پژوهشکده فناوریهای شیمیایی، سازمان پژوهشهای علمی و صنعتی ایران
AUTHOR
داود
صادقی فاتح
3
استادیار، پژوهشکده فناوریهای شیمیایی، سازمان پژوهشهای علمی و صنعتی ایران
AUTHOR
علی
حکمت ناظمی
4
استادیار، گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال
AUTHOR
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79
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
مروری بر ماهیت و کاربرد رنگدانه سفید باریم در صنعت و هنر
مواد رنگی برحسب منشأ و انحلالپذیری و پوششدهی خود به دو دسته رنگدانهها با ساختار معدنی و ماده رنگزا با ساختار آلی تقسیم میشوند. سولفات باریم از اواخر سده هجدهم میلادی بهعنوان رنگدانه سفید، چه بهصورت تنها و چه در ترکیب با رنگدانههای دیگر بهکاربرده شده است. این مقاله با هدف بررسی ماهیت و کاربرد این رنگدانه نگارش شده است و در طی آن ضمن ارائه مختصری از تاریخچه رنگدانهها به بررسی مهمترین خواص فیزیکی و شیمیایی گونههای رنگدانه سفید پرداختهشده است. به علاوه سعی شده تمامی خواص ساختاری، فیزیکی، شیمیایی و چشمی رنگدانه باریم سولفات که موضوع اصلی این مقاله است به همراه طرز تهیه و روشهای شناسایی و آسیبشناسی آن مورد بررسی قرار گیرد. نتایج مطالعات انجام شده حاکی از آن است که هرچند استفاده از رنگدانه مذکور به نسبت سایر رنگدانههای سفید، متأخرتر بوده است لیکن تولید و سهولت استفاده، به واسطه خواص جالب توجه آن موجب وسعت کاربرد آن در هنر و صنعت گردیده است.
https://jscw.icrc.ac.ir/article_81783_a5019201eba6b645bd4494b4220c96b9.pdf
2021-11-22
11
26
رنگدانه
باریت سفید
رنگدانه سفید
میراث فرهنگی
مهدی
رازانی
razanimehdi@gmail.com
1
استادیار، دانشکده حفاظت از آثار فرهنگی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز
LEAD_AUTHOR
محدثه السادات
ناصر اهری
mohaddeseh_mn@yahoo.com
2
کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده حفاظت از آثار فرهنگی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز
AUTHOR
Vijay, C. J. Patel," Understanding coatings raw materials", Hanover: Vincentz Network, 2015.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
مروری بر مشخصههای پوششهای الماس مصنوعی تهیه شده به روش رسوبدهی شیمیایی از فاز بخار (CVD)
الماس در مقایسه با سایر مواد، دارای خواص فیزیکی بسیار ویژهای میباشد. علیرغم این ویژگیها، کاربردهای عملی آن در صنعت، به علت کمیابی و قیمت بالا، بسیار محدود است. با توجه به پیشرفتهای اخیر فناوری، تهیه پوششهای نازک الماس مصنوعی بر سطح بسترهای مختلف امکانپذیر گشته است. به عنوان مثال، اعمال یک لایه الماس مصنوعی به روش رسوبدهی شیمیایی از فاز بخار (CVD) بر سطح ابزارهای مورد استفاده در صنعت ماشینکاری، منجر به بهبود کارایی این ابزارها خواهد شد. در حال حاضر تقاضای استفاده صنعتی از پوششهای الماس مصنوعی، به دلیل خواصی چون مقاومت سایشی بالا، سختی فوق العاده و ضریب اصطکاک کم، به شدت افزایش یافته است و تحقیقات وسیعی جهت رفع عیوب، بهبود خواص و گسترش این دسته از پوششها در جریان میباشد. با این حال، یکی از مشکلات عمده پوششهای الماس مصنوعی این است که این پوششها تحت بارگذاری بالا از سطح قطعه جدا میشوند; به همین جهت تلاش محققان، بر افزایش چسبندگی این پوششها تمرکز یافته است. لازم به ذکر است که به منظور دستیابی به چسبندگی مناسب در این پوششها، میبایست بسیاری از خصوصیات سامانه پوشش- بستر، از قبیل ضخامت بهینه پوشش و به حداقل رساندن تنش حرارتی پسماند، در نظر گرفته شود. بنابراین، به منظور دستیابی به پوششهای الماس مصنوعی با خواص منحصر بفرد، لازم است که ریزساختار و معماری پوششها به دقت طراحی گردد. هدف از مقاله حاضر، بررسی تحقیقات صورت گرفته در زمینه مشخصهها و بهبود عملکرد این خانواده مهم از پوششهای محافظ، میباشد.
https://jscw.icrc.ac.ir/article_81803_d8f0c94674231f8171af87ef3bfd381c.pdf
2021-11-22
27
43
پوششهای الماس مصنوعی
رسوبدهی شیمیایی از فاز بخار (CVD)
عملکرد سودهشناسی
چسبندگی
اصلاح سطحی
سارا
خمسه
khamseh-sa@icrc.ac.ir
1
دانشیار، گروه پژوهشی نانو فناوری رنگ، پژوهشکده پوشش های سطح و فناوری های نوین، پژوهشگاه رنگ
LEAD_AUTHOR
الهه
شریفی
eli.sh2357@gmail.com
2
دانشجوی دکترا، دانشکده مهندسی انرژی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
AUTHOR
محسن
محمد رائی نایینی
mnnayini@icrc.ac.ir
3
استادیار، گروه پژوهشی علوم و فناوری چاپ، پژوهشکده فیزیک رنگ
AUTHOR
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Varshney, C. V. Rao, M. J. F. Guinel, Y. Ishikawa, B. R. Weiner, G. Morell. "Free standing graphene-diamond hybrid films and their electron emission properties". J. Appl. Phys. 110, 044324, 2011.
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Fujii. "High-frequency surface acoustic wave filter based on diamond thin film", physica. Status. Solidi. 208, 1072-1077, 2011.
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Zhang, S. D. Janssens, J. Vanacken, M. Timmermans, J. Vacík, G. W. Ataklti, "Role of grain size in superconducting boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond thin films grown by CVD", Phys. Rev. B. 84, 214517, 2011.
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
مروری بر مواد رنگزای کمپلکس آلی-معدنی برای استفاده در سلولهای خورشیدی
امروزه برای تولید انرژی از سوختهای فسیلی که منابع پایانپذیر هستند، استفاده میشود. با توجه به میزان مصرف انرژی و روند رو به رشد آن، معرفی منابع جدید تولید انرژی ضروری است. خورشید، به عنوان یک منبع تجدیدپذیر انرژی، که علاوه بر دوستدار محیطزیست بودن، به صورت نامحدود نیز دردسترس است، توجه جامعه جهانی را به خود جلب کرده است. انرژی خورشیدی، با استفاده از ابزارهای فوتوولتائیک، مستقیما به انرژی الکتریکی تبدیل میشود. سلولهای خورشیدی حساس به مواد رنگزا، جایگزین ارزان و قابل قبول در مقابل ابزارهای فتوولتائیک مرسوم مانند سلولهای خورشیدی معدنی، لایه نازک و یا هیبریدی هستند. عملکرد سلولهای خورشیدی حساس شده به مواد رنگزا وابسته به مواد رنگزا، الکترولیت و نیمههادی است. مواد رنگزای آلی-معدنی یک طبقه مهم از ترکیبات حساس به نور بوده که برای کاربرد در ساختار سلول خورشیدی مناسب هستند. این ترکیبات، عملکرد بسیار خوبی در سلول خورشیدی داشته و بازده 20% نیز برای آنها گزارش شده است. مهمترین فلز مورد استفاده در سنتز این ترکیبات، روتنیم بوده که بهترین بازده را نشان داده است. این مقاله مروری بر انواع کمپلکسهای آلی-معدنی که به عنوان حساسکننده (مواد رنگزا) در سلول خورشیدی قابل استفاده هستند را ارائه میدهد.
https://jscw.icrc.ac.ir/article_81806_df411653ba3ac6cb79fa658fd0d8d918.pdf
2021-11-22
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54
سلولهای خورشیدی حساسشده به مواد رنگزا
حساسکننده
کمپلکس فلزی
روتنیم
پورفیرین
مژگان
حسین نژاد
hosseinnezhad-mo@icrc.ac.ir
1
گروه پژوهشی مواد رنگزای آلی، پژوهشگاه رنگ
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seger, General rights Global Energy Consumption: The Numbers for Now and in the Future, 2017.
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M.A. Hasan, K. Sumathy, "Photovoltaic thermal module concepts and their performance analysis: A review", Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 14, 1845-59, 2010.
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D. Ganta, K. Combrink, R. Villanueva, "Advances in Solar Energy Research", Springer publication, chapter 3, p. 129-155, 2019.
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J. Gong, K. Sumathy, Q. Qiao, Z. Zhou, "Review on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): Advanced techniques and research trends", Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 68, 234-246, 2017.
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F. Babar, U. Mehmood, H. Asghar, M. H. Mehdi, A. Ul Haq Khan, H. Khalid, N. Ul Huda, Z. Fatima, "Nanostructured photoanode materials and their deposition methods for efficient and economical third generation dye-sensitized solar cells: A comprehensive review", Renew. Sustain Energy Rev. 129, 109919, 2020.
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D. K. Kumar, J. Kříž, N. Bennett, B. Chen, H. Upadhayaya, K. R. Reddy, V. Sadhu, "Functionalized metal oxide nanoparticles for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs): A review", Mater. Sci. Energy Technol. 3, 472-481, 2020.
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M. Hosseinnezhad, K. Gharanjig, M. Khodadadi Yazdi, P. Zarrintaj, S. Moradian, M. R. Saeb, F. J. Stadler, "Dye-sensitized solar cells based on natural photosensitizers: A green view from Iran", J. Alloy Compoun. 828, 154329, 2020.
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E. Kouhestanian, S. A. Mozaffari, M. Ranjbar, H. Salar Amoli, "Enhancing the electron transfer process of TiO2-based DSSC using DC magnetron sputtered ZnO as an efficient alternative for blocking layer", Org. Electron. 86, 105915, 2020.
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S. Shalini1, R. Balasundaraprabhu, T. Satish Kumar, N. Prabavathy, S. Senthilarasu, S. Prasanna, "Enhancing the electron transfer process of TiO2-based DSSC using DC magnetron sputtered ZnO as an efficient alternative for blocking layer", Int. J. Energy Res. 40, 1303-1320, 2016.
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B. Pashaei, H. Shahroosvand, "Molecularly Engineered Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complexes for using in Dye-sensitized Solar Cell", Inorg. Chem. Commun. 112, 107737, 2020.
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J.S. Aguire-Araque, R.R. Guimaraes, H.E. Toma, "Chemistry of ternary monocarboxyterpyridine-bipyridinetrimercaptotriazine ruthenium complexes and application in dye sensitized solar cells", Polyhedron. 182, 114513, 2020.
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S. Lyu, C. Bertrand, T. Hamamura, L. Ducasse, T. Toupance, C. Olivier, "Molecular engineering of ruthenium-diacetylide organometallic complexes towards efficient green dye for DSSC", Dye Pigm. 158, 326-333, 2018.
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L. Jin, Sh. Shi, C. Zhao, X. Yu, J. Lu, Q. Wang, Y. Wei, "Y-shaped organic dyes with D2–π–A configuration as efficient co-sensitizers for ruthenium-based dye sensitized solar cells", J. Power Sourc. 481, 2021, 228952.
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S. Arora Abrol, C. Bhargava, P. Kumar Sharma,""Material and its selection attributes for improved DSSC", Matertoday, 42, 1477-1484, 2021.
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Y. Chi, K. L. Wu, T.C. Wei, “Ruthenium and Osmium Complexes That Bear Functional Azolate Chelates for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells”, ACES, 10, 1098-1115, 2015.
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V. Komreddy, K. Ensz, H. Nguyen, D.P. Rillema, "Synthesis and characterization of rhenium(I) 4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine tricarbonyl complexes for solar energy conversion", Inorg. Chem. Acta. 511, 119815, 2020.
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V. Komreddy, K. Ensz, H. Nguyen, D.P. Rillema, "Design, synthesis, and photophysical properties of Re(I) tricarbonyl 1,10-phenanthroline complexes", J. Mol. Struct. 1223, 128739, 2021.
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W. Wu, X. Xu, H. Yang, J. Hua, X. Zhang, L. Zhang, Y. Long, H. Tian, "D–π–M–π–A structured platinum acetylide sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells", J. Mater. Chem. 21, 10666-10671, 2011.
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N. Sekar, V.Y. Gehlot, "Metal complex dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells: Recent developments", Resonance. 15, 819-831, 2019.
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L. Zhang, J.M. Cole, "Dye aggregation in dye-sensitized solar cells", J. Mater. Chem A. 5, 19541-19559, 2017.
28
Y. Tachibana, S.A. Haque, I.P. Mercer, J.R. Durrant, D.R. Klug DR, "Electron iInjection and recombination in dye sensitized nanocrystalline titanium dioxide films: A comparison of ruthenium bipyridyl and porphyrin sensitizer dyes", J. Phys. Chem. B. 104, 1198-1205, 2000.
29
M. Yan, Q. Wang, Y. Zhu, M.L. Han, Y. Yan, J. Zheng, "Effect of triptycene unit on the performance of porphyrin-based dye-sensitized solar cells", J. Photochem. Photobiol. A Chem. 416, 11335, 2021.
30
H. Zhou, J.M. Ji, H.K. Kim, "Porphyrin sensitizers with acceptor structural engineering for dye-sensitized solar cells", Dye Pigm. 187, 109082, 2021.
31
A.V. Ezhov, A.E. Aleksandrov, K.A. Zhdanova, A.P. Zhdanov, I.N. Klyukin, K. Y. Zhizhin, N. A. Bragina, A. F. Mironov, A. R. Tameev, "Synthesis of Zn(II) porphyrin dyes and revealing an influence of their alkyl substituents on performance of dye-sensitized solar cells", Synth. Metal. 269, 116567, 2020..
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
مروری بر روشهای درمان تخریب اسیدی در چرمهای تاریخی: استحکامبخشها، پوششهای سطحی، تثبیتکنندهها و چربکنندهها
چرمهای دارای دباغی گیاهی، بهویژه نمونههای دباغی شده با تاننهای متراکم، بهواسطه ماهیت تخریب پذیرشان، فرایند تولید و آلایندههای محیطی، شدیداً نسبت به شرایط اسیدی حساس هستند و دچار تخریبی تحت عنوان تخریب اسیدی میشوند. این تخریب، حجم گستردهای از آثار تاریخی را در برمیگیرد که عدم مقابله با آن، از بین رفتن بخش قابل توجهی از اشیاء چرمی را در پی دارد و از این رو حفاظت از این آثار در راستای کنترل این تخریب، دارای سابقه مطالعاتی قابل توجهی است. با اینحال همچنان به نظر میرسد کنترل این تخریب با توجه به عدم پاسخگویی بسیاری از روشهای درمانی، یکی از دغدغههای جدی در برخورد با آثار چرمی تاریخی است. بهطور کلی مواد مورد استفاده در درمان تخریب اسیدی در قالب درمانهای استحکام بخشی، پوششهای سطحی، تثبیتکنندهها و در برخی موارد، چربکنندههای چرم قابل بحث است که البته امروزه بسیاری از این مواد به واسطه عملکرد نامطلوبشان منسوخ شدهاند. بر این اساس پژوهش حاضر به مرور ادبیات مرتبط با روشهای درمانی تخریب اسیدی در چرمهای تاریخی پرداخته است تا تلاشهای صورت گرفته تا بهامروز مشخص و به ترسیم مسیر مطالعات آتی کمک نماید.
https://jscw.icrc.ac.ir/article_81815_a9c5ca2a641dd9d0888d756e7fe99aaf.pdf
2021-11-22
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71
تخریب اسیدی چرم
پوسیدگی قرمز
درمان چرم
استحکام بخشی
تثبیت کلاژن
علیرضا
کوچکزایی
alireza.k.1989@gmail.com
1
استادیار، دانشکده حفاظت آثار فرهنگی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز
LEAD_AUTHOR
شادپور
ملک پور
mallak@cc.iut.ac.ir
2
استاد، دانشکده شیمی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان
AUTHOR
حسین
احمدی
h.ahmadi@aui.ac.ir
3
دانشیار، دانشکده حفاظت و مرمت، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان
AUTHOR
G. Bennett, "The manufacture of leather", London, Constable, 1909.
1
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2
M. Puica, E. Ardelean, "The industrial pollution impact on religious heritage in Romania", Eur. J. Sci. Theol. 4, 51-59, 2008.
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4
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37
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38
Kronthal, J. Levinson, C. Dignard, E. Chao, and J. Down, "Beva 371 and its use as an adhesive for skin and leather Repairs: Background and a Review of Treatments", J. Am. Inst. Conserv. 42, 341-362, 2003.
39
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
مروری بر بهبود خواص مقاومت به خوردگی و سایش آلیاژهای منیزیم با استفاده از نانوذرات رنگدانه اکسید روی به روش اکسیدشدن الکترولیتی پلاسما
منیزیم و آلیاژهای آن به دلیل داشتن خواص ویژه از قبیل چگالی بسیار کم، استحکام ویژه بالا، ظرفیت میرایی فوقالعاده، قابلیت ماشینکاری و کارپذیری عالی پتانسیل بالایی در کاربردهای صنعتی نظیر صنایع هوافضا، خودروسازی و تجهیزات مخابراتی دارند. با این حال، منیزیم بهدلیل فعالیت شیمیایی ذاتی بالا یکی از واکنشپذیرترین عناصر فلزی است و اکسیدی که تشکیل میدهد برخلاف اکسیدهای آلومینیم و تیتانیم، محافظت کمی از زیرلایه دارد که باعث ایجاد محدودیت در استفاده گسترده آن شده است. یکی از روشهای بهبود خواص سطحی این فلز و آلیاژهای آن پوششدهی است. پوششدهی اکسیدشدن الکترولیتی پلاسما (PEO) به عنوان یک فرآیند پوششدهی جدید گزینه مناسب برای اعمال یک لایه سرامیکی مقاوم به خوردگی و سایش بر روی فلزاتی مانند منیزیم که تمایل زیادی برای ایجاد فیلم پسیو دارند، میباشد. این پوشش دارای عیوبی نظیر ترکها و تخلخلهایی است که باعث نفوذ راحت عوامل خورنده به زیر لایه فلزی میشود. استفاده از نانوذرات در الکترولیت، با ایجاد پوششهای کامپوزیتی، موجب کاهش تخلخلهای موجود میشود. در این حالت پوشش فشردهتر و نفوذ یونهای خورنده بین لایههای پوشش سختتر انجام میشود و نهایتا منجر به بهبود مقاومت به خوردگی و مقاومت به سایش این آلیاژ میشود. در این مطالعه تاثیر نانوذرات رنگدانه اکسید روی بر بهبود پوششهای PEO و سازوکارهای اختلاط آنها در الکترولیت بررسی میشود.
https://jscw.icrc.ac.ir/article_81817_e04c95ed88a044986238a1ea11f34e04.pdf
2021-11-22
73
93
خوردگی
نانوذرات
رنگدانه اکسید روی
اکسیدشدن الکترولیتی پلاسما
آلیاژهای منیزیم
نیما
رهبری فرد
nimarahbarifard96@gmail.com
1
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه شناسایی و انتخاب مواد مهندسی، دانشکده مهندسی متالورژی و مواد، پردیس دانشکدههای فنی، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
مهرناز
قراگوزلو
gharagozlou@icrc.ac.ir
2
دانشیار، گروه پژوهشی نانوفناوری رنگ، پژوهشگاه رنگ
LEAD_AUTHOR
سعید رضا
الله کرم
akaram@ut.ac.ir
3
استاد، گروه شناسایی و انتخاب مواد مهندسی، دانشکده مهندسی متالورژی و مواد، پردیس دانشکدههای فنی، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
واژهنامه
https://jscw.icrc.ac.ir/article_81832_d82fef14f6a11984c48645db05847f01.pdf
2021-11-22
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