Evaluation of organic dyes using in toys applications& identification methods

As one of the largest and most important groups of synthetic dyes, azo dyes are used in various industries (e.g., plastics, leather, and pharmaceuticals while their low carcinogenicity is often overlooked. Therefore, it is necessary to use analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), or advanced and more complex techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography-ionization atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS-APCI), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), or quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) to evaluate the presence of prohibited amines in different products, especially in toys that come into contact with children’s mouths. Measuring azo dyes in toys involves stages such as preparation, extraction, and determining their quantity through mass spectrometry strategies. Since the safety of toys is paramount before and after production, mass spectrometry-based methods are highly recommended for routine analysis. The goal of this article is to discuss advantages and disadvantages of organic/synthetic dyes and highlight standard methods for quantifying toxic metals and azo dyes. We also investigate validation studies required for high-quality children’s toys in this manuscript.