A Review of Mineral Fillers in a variety of Polymer Substrates in order to Protective Coating against Ionizing Radiation

Document Type : Review paper

Authors

1 Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Yazd University

2 Textile Engineering Department, Yazd University

3 Department of Nuclear Physics, Faculty of Physics, Yazd University

Abstract

In recent years, with the expansion of the diagnostic range of many medical facilities, the likelihood of exposure to X-rays and gamma rays has increased. For this reason, lead aprons have been used to provide X-ray protection and are still widely used for this purpose. Current lead aprons have many problems, such as reduced protection efficiency, increased discomfort, and high weight. Defects in lead aprons, such as cracks and holes, can leak the beam and cause physical injury. In this paper, we investigate why lead is used and find alternative materials for lead in different composites and compare these materials in terms of particle size, radiation intensity, thickness and physical properties. The researchers showed that substituting lead for minerals could lead to lower weight, better biocompatibility and more flexibility. The particle size of the minerals used and the thickness of the protective layer consisting of these materials play an important role in attenuating ionizing radiation.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. 1.R. A. Scott, "Textiles for protection", Elsevier, 2005.
  2. 2.A. Zamanian, C. Hardiman, "Electromagnetic radiation and human health: A review of sources and effects", high Freq. Des. 4, 16-26, 2005.
  3. 3.N. Tsoulfanidis and S. Landsberger, Measurment and detection of radiation, 8rd ed. Mashhad,Iran,  Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Press, 2014.
  4. 4.S. Tavernier, "Experimental Techniques in Nuclear and Particle Physics", Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010.
  5. 5.G. P. Glasgow, "Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation for Megavoltage X- and  Gamma-Ray Radiotherapy Facilities," Med. Phys. 33, Doi: 10.1118/1.2336250, 2006.
  6. 6.J. J. Brunette, "Structural Shielding Design for Medical X-ray Imaging Facilities," Health Phys. 89, 2005.
  7. 7.S. V. Musolino, J. DeFranco, R. Schlueck, "The ALARA principle in the context of a radiological or nuclear emergency," Health Phys, 94, 11-109, Feb 2008.
  8. 8.J. P. McCaffrey, F.Tessier, H. Shen, "Radiation shielding materials and radiation scatter effects for interventional radiology (IR) physicians", Med. phys. 39, 4537-4546, 2012.
  9. 9.M. E. Cournoyer, "Lead substitution and elimination study," J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 249, 4-397,2001.
  10. 10. ف. کاظمی, م. ع. شفائی, و ل. غلامزاده, "بررسی ضریب تضعیف جرمی نانو سرب در چشمه های مختلف گاما"، مجله علمی تابش و فناوری هسته‌ای، 3,47-40,1394.
  11. 11.B. Moore, E. VanSonnenberg, G. Casola, R. A. Novelline, "The relationship between back pain and lead apron use in radiologists", Am. J. Roentgenol. 158, 191-193, 1992.
  12. 12.L. W. Klein,"Occupational health hazards in the interventional laboratory: time for a safer environment," Radiol. 250, 44-48, 2009.
  13. 13.H. O. M. Fisher, "A nuclear cross section data handbook," 1989.
  14. 14. ف. ایمانی‌پور, م. خواجه مهریزی, پ. پیوندی, م. اسلامی کلانتری, "مروری بر پوشش های محافظتی در برابر پرتوی ایکس با استفاده از مواد معدنی در کاربردهای پزشکی,"نشریه علمی ترویجی مطالعات در دنیای رنگ، 9، 14-1، 1398.
  15. 15. H. A. Maghrabi, A. Vijayan, P. Deb, L. Wang, "Bismuth oxide-coated fabrics for X-ray shielding", Text. Res. J. 86, 649-658, 2016
  16. 16. N. Z. Noor Azman, S. A. Siddiqui, I. M. Low. "Characterisation of microsized and nano-sized tungsten oxide-epoxy composites for radiation shielding of diagnostic X-rays". Mater. Sci. Eng., C, 33, 4952-4957,2013.
  17. 17. A. Aghaz, R. Faghihi, S. M. J. Mortazavi, A. Haghparast, S. Mehdizadeh, S. Sina, "Radiation attenuation properties of shields containing micro and Nano WO3 in diagnostic X-ray energy range", Int. J. Radiat. Res, 14, 127-131, 2016 .
  18. 18. J. H. Saberi, A. H. Alsarraf, K. H. Mahdi, "A Comparative Study for Micro and Nano shield of (PbO) composite for gamma Radiation," Energy Procediat. 157, 803-814, 2019.
  19. 19. L. Gholamzadeh, N. Asari-Shik, M. K. Aminian, M. Ghasemi-Nejad, "A study of the shielding performance of fibers coated with high-Z oxides against ionizing radiations," Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A. 973, Doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2020.164174, 2020.
  20. 20.P. Mehnati, M. Y. Sooteh, B. Divband, R. Malekzadeh, "Synthesis and characterization of nano Bi2O3 for radiology shield," Nanomed. 5, 4, 222-226, 2018.
  21. 21. A. H. Abdalsalam, E. Şakar, K. M. Kaky, MHA Mhareb, B. C. Şakar, MI. Sayyed, A. Gürol, "Investigation of gamma ray attenuation features of bismuth oxide nano powder reinforced high-density polyethylene matrix composites," Radiat. Phys. Chem. 168, Doi: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108537, 2020.
  22. 22.H. A. Maghrabi, A. Vijayan, F. Mohaddes, P. Deb, L. Wang, "Evaluation of X-ray radiation shielding performance of barium sulphate-coated fabrics," Fibers and Polymers, 17, 2047-2054, 2017.
  23. 23.B. Kusuktham, C. Wichayasiri, S. Udon, "X-Ray attenuation of cotton fabrics coated with barium sulphate". J. Min. Met. Mater. 26, 17-23, 2016.
  24. 24.M. Kazempour, M. Saeedimoghadam, F. S. Shooli, N. Shokrpour, "Assessment of the radiation attenuation properties of several lead free composites by Monte Carlo simulation", J. Bio. Phys. Eng. 5, 67-76, 2015.
  25. 25.S. A. Hashemi, S. M. Mousavi, R. Faghihi, M. Arjmand, S. Sina, A. M. Amani, "Lead oxide-decorated graphene oxide/epoxy composite towards X-Ray radiation shielding," Radiat. Phys. Chem. 146, 77-85, 2018.
  26. 26.S. Nambiar, E. K.Osei, J. T. Yeow, "Polymer nanocomposite‐ based shielding against diagnostic X‐rays", J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 127, 4939-4946, 2013.
  27. 27.م. دژانگاه, م. قجاوند, ر. پ. صالحی, و ر. قلی‌‌پورپیوندی, "ساخت، مشخصه یابی و شبیه‌‌سازی خواص حفاظت در برابر پرتوی گامای نانوکامپوزیت لاستیک سیلیکون آمیخته با نانو ذرات اکسید بیسموت " مجله سنجش و ایمنی پرتو، 4، 46-38، 1395.
  28. 28.N. Aral, F. B.Nergis, C. Candan, "The X-ray attenuation and the flexural properties of lead-free coated fabrics". J. Ind Text. 47, 252-268, 2017.
  29. 29.W. Poltabtim, E. Wimolmala, K. Saenboonruang, "Properties of lead-free gamma-ray shielding materials from metal oxide/EPDM rubber composites," Radiat. Phys. Chem. 153, 1-9,2018.
  30. 30.ف. ایمانی پور, "تاثیر استفاده از نانو مواد مواد معدنی بصورت چند لایه بر روی پارچه بی بافت برای محافظت از اشعه ایکس"، پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد,  دانشگاه یزد، 1397.
  31. 31.H. Shirkhanloo, M. Saffari, S. M. Amini, M. Rashidi, "Novel Semisolid Design Based on Bismuth Oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles for radiation protection," Nanomed Res. 2, 230-238, 2017.
  32. 32.A. Güngör, İ. K. Akbay, D. Yaşar, T. Özdemir, "Flexible X/Gamma ray shielding composite material of EPDM rubber with bismuth trioxide: Mechanical, thermal investigations and attenuation tests," Prog. Nucl.Eng. 106, 262-269, 2018.
  33. 33.M. R. Ambika, V. Harish, N. K. Lokanath, M. A. Sridhar, N. M. Renukappa, S. K. Suman, "Preparation and characterisation of Isophthalic-Bi2O3 polymer composite gamma radiation shields," Radiat. Phys. Chem. 130, 351-358, 2017.
  34. 34.T. Özdemir, A. Güngör, I. K. Akbay, H. Uzun, Y. Babucçuoglu, "Nano lead oxide and epdm composite for development of polymer based radiation shielding material: Gamma irradiation and attenuation tests," Radiat. Phys. Chem. 144, 248-255, 2018.
  35. 35.M. Ni, X. Tang, H. Chai, Y. Zhang, T. Chen, D. Chen, "Preparation and Properties of the Fast-Curing γ-Ray-Shielding Materials Based on Polyurethane," Nucl. Eng. Technol. 48, 1396-1403, 2016.
  36. 36.M. E. Mahmoud, A. M. El-Khatib, M. S. Badawi, A. R. Rashad, R. M. El-Sharkawy, A. A. Thabet, "Fabrication, characterization and gamma rays shielding properties of nano and micro lead oxide-dispersed-high density polyethylene composites," Radiat. Phys. Chem. 145, 160-173, 2018
Journal of Studies in Color World
Volume 10, Issue 4
March 2021
Pages 69-80

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 08 December 2020
  • Revise Date: 30 January 2021
  • Accept Date: 01 February 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics