مروری بر کاربرد پلیمرهای چاپگر مولکولی در شناسایی آلاینده‌ها: مطالعه موردی تهیه حسگرهای نوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 گروه پژوهشی محیط زیست و رنگ، پژوهشگاه رنگ

2 دانشیار، الف)گروه پژوهشی مواد رنگزای آلی؛ ب) قطب علمی رنگ، پژوهشگاه رنگ

چکیده

حسگرها و حسگرهای زیستی نوری، پتانسیل بالایی جهت شناسایی کاتیون‌های فلزی، آنیون‌ها، مواد رنگزای آلی، داروها و آفت‌‌کش‌‌ها دارا هستند. این حسگرها به دلیل تهیه آسان، سنجش سریع، حساسیت و انتخاب‌پذیری بالا و همچنین قابلیت سنجش با چشم غیر‌مسلح مورد توجه می‌‌باشند. حسگرهای نوری به دو دسته حسگرهای رنگ‌سنجی و فلورسنت تقسیم می‌‌شوند، که به منظور طراحی آنها از پلیمرهای چاپگر مولکولی، شناساگر، نانو مواد (نانو ذرات فلزی، اکسیدهای فلزی، نقاط کوانتومی) و غیره استفاده می‌‌گردد. استفاده از پلیمرهای چاپگر مولکولی یکی از روش‌های تهیه حسگرهای نوری می‌‌باشد. در این روش که به عنوان روش ایجاد قفل مولکولی برای تطبیق با یک کلید مولکولی از آن یاد می‌‌شود، روشی برای ایجاد پلیمرهای چاپگر (قالب) مولکولی (MIPs) با سایتهای پیوندی سفارشی بوده که در شکل، اندازه و گروه‌‌های عاملی، مکمل مولکول‌‌های الگو می‌‌باشند. این مواد از نظر ساختار و کاربرد، مشابه سامانه‌‌های زیست شناختی بوده و از هم‌پلیمری‌شدن مونومرهای عاملی و عامل شبکه ساز در حضور مولکول هدف بوجود می‌‌آیند. از این پلیمرها برای شناسایی، جداسازی و حذف ترکیبات و آلاینده‌‌های متفاوت با کمترین مقادیر در بسترهای پیچیده استفاده می‌‌شود. برای طراحی حسگرهای بر پایه پلیمرهای چاپگر مولکولی، از مونومرهای عاملی فلورسنت و مواد رنگزایی نظیر کومارین‌‌ها، زانتن‌‌ها، نفتالیمیدها، کربازول‌‌ها، بورون دی پیرومتن‌‌ها، مواد رنگزای آزو، بازهای شیف و غیره استفاده می‌‌گردد. لذا، در این مطالعه، کاربردهای گوناگون پلیمرهای چاپگر مولکولی شامل کاربردهای زیست‌محیطی، دارویی و پزشکی از طریق جداسازی، آزمون‌‌های زیست تقلیدی، تحویل و رهایش پایدار دارو، حوزه‌‌های مصارف جدید و بالاخص کاربرد آن به عنوان حسگر نوری (فرآیند ساخت و سازوکار آن)، بیان خواهد شد. به‌علاوه، به پیشرفت‌های اخیر و تجاری‌سازی پروژه‌‌های مرتبط با پلیمرهای چاپگر مولکولی و حسگرهای بر پایه آن و همچنین معرفی برخی از شرکت‌هایی که در این حوزه فعال هستند، پرداخته خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

A review on the application of molecularly imprinted polymers in the detection of pollutants: A case study of optical sensors

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nargess Yousefi Limaee 1
  • Shohre Rouhani 2
1 Department of Environmental Research, Institute for Color Science and Technology
2 a) Department of Organic Colorants, b) Center of Excellence for Color Science and Technology (CECST), Institute for Color Science and Technology
چکیده [English]

Optical sensors and biosensors have the great potential to detect metal cations, anions, organic dyes, drugs, pesticides and other contaminants. These sensors are considered for their easy preparation, fast sensing, high sensitivity and selectivity, as well as naked eye detection. Optical sensors are divided into two categories of colorimetric and fluorescent sensors. In this regard, molecularly imprinted polymers, indicators, nanomaterials (metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, quantum dots) and etc. are used for the designation of optical sensors. The fabrication of MIP-based optical sensors is one of the considerable methods for the preparation of optical sensors. This method, known as the molecular lock-key method, for creating molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) which are complement to template molecules in shape, size, and functional groups. These materials are similar to biological systems in structure and application that result from the copolymerization of functional monomers and crosslinkers in the presence of the target molecule. These polymers are used for the detection, separation and removal of trace amount of various contaminants in complex substrates. For the preparation of MIP-based sensors, fluorescent functional monomers and dyes including coumarins, xanthenes, naphthalimides, carbazoles, boron dipyrromethenes, azo dyes, schiff bases and etc. are used. Therefore, in this study, various applications of MIPs including environmental, pharmaceutical and medical usage through separation, biomimetic assays, sustained delivery and release, new application areas and specially, optical sensors (synthesis process and its mechanism), will be expressed. In addition, recent developments and commercialization of MIPs and MIP based sensors, will be discussed as well as the introduction of some active companies in this field.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Molecularly imprinted polymer
  • Optical sensor
  • Dyes
  • detection
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