مروری بر پوشش‌دهی الکتریکی فلز رودیم با استفاده از حمام‌های الکترولیتی مختلف

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی مواد، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران، کد پستی: 14766-51666.

2 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی مواد، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران، کد پستی: 14766-51666.

چکیده

عنصر رودیم جزء فلزات نجیب و گران قیمت محسوب می‌شود و در بسیاری از کارهای تزئینی و بعضا مهندسی کاربرد دارد. در این مقاله به موارد مهم آبکاری الکتریکی عنصر رودیم پرداخته شده است و حمام‌های مختلفی که تا به حال در فرایند پوشش‌دهی الکتریکی عنصر رودیم به کار گرفته شده است، شرح داده شده‌اند. همچنین، تاثیر برخی از پارامترها از قبیل چگالی جریان، دما، مقدار pH و تاثیر زمان حمام آبکاری بر روی نرخ رسوب و کیفیت پوشش ایجاد شده، مورد بررسی و مقایسه قرار گرفته‌ است. این بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهند که حمام بهینه برای آبکاری الکتریکی عنصر رودیم، سولفاتی است؛ که در چگالی جریان mA/cm2 55/8، دما ℃60، مقدار 2pH= و زمان آبکاری min20 برروی زیرلایه مس حاصل می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Review on Rhodium Electrodeposition from Different Electrolytes

نویسندگان [English]

  • vida ghayour 1
  • Shahin Khameneh asl 2
1 Department of metallurgy, Tabriz University, P. O. Code: 51666-14766, Tabriz, Iran.
2 Department of metallurgy, Tabriz Unuversity, P. O. Code: 51666-14766, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Rhodium element is a noble and expensive metal used in many decorative and sometimes engineering works. In this article, the important aspects of rhodium element electroplating have been discussed. The various baths used in the rhodium electroplating process have been described. Also, the effect of some parameters such as current density, temperature, pH value and effect of plating time on the deposition rate and the quality of created coating has been investigated and compared. These studies show that the optimal bath for rhodium element electroplating is the sulfate; which is obtained on the copper substrate at a current density of 8.55 mA/cm2, temperature of 60 , pH=2 and plating time  of 20 min.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Electroplating
  • Rhodium
  • bath
  • Coating Conditions
1.   P. Parson, G. Dixon,"The periodic table: a visual guide to elements", Quercus Publishing Inc, New York, 302-307, 2014.
2.   R. Rudolf, B. Budic, D. Stamenkovic, M. Colic, A. Ivanic, B. Kosec,"Rhodium plating-experimental study", Metal. 52, 337-340, 2013.
3.   G. F. Nordberg, B. A. Fowler, M. Nordberg,"Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals", Elsevier Science Academic Press, USA, 2, 1143-1174, 2015.
4.   M. Pushpavanam, V. Raman, B. A. Shenoi,"Rhdium-electrodeposition and applications",Surf. Technol. 12, 351-360, 1981.
5.   P. R. Roberge,"Handbook of corrosion engineering", McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 786-788, 2000.
6.   L. K.Wang, Y. T. Hung, H. H. Lo, C. Yapijakis,"Handbook of industrial and hazardous wastes treatment (second edition)", Engineering & Technology, New York, 219-220, 2004.
7.   B. K. Devendra, B. M. Praveen, V. S. Tripathi, G. Nagaraju, D. H. Nagaraju, K. O. Nayana,"Highly corrosion resistant platinum-rhodium alloy coating and its photocatalytic activity", Inorg. Chem. Commun. 134, 1-9, 2021.
8.   M. H. Allahyarzadeh, M. Aliofkhazraei, A. S. Rouhaghdam,"Electrodeposition on superalloy substrates: a review", Surf. Rev. Lett. 23, 1-14, 2016.
9.   L. Marot, G. D. Temmerman, V. Thommen, D. Mathys, P. Oelhafen,"Characterization of magnetron sputtered Rhodium films for reflective coatings", Surf. Coat. Technol. 203, 2837-2843, 2008.
10.T. Aoul, M. Mohamedi,"Rhodium thin film-carbon nanotube nanostructures: syntheesis, characterization and electron transfer properties", Thin Solid Films, 534, 270-274, 2013.
11.M. Arbib, B. Zhang, V. Lazarov, D. Stoychev, A. Milchev, C. B. Herman,"Electrochemical nucleation and growth of Rhodium on Gold substrates", J. Electroanal. Chem. 510, 67-77, 2001.
12.A. M. Weisberg," Metal finishing: rhodium plating",  Elsevier Science, 100, 278-282, 2002.
13.V. K. Varentsov, V. I. Varentsova,"Electrodeposition of Rhodium on cathodes of carbon-fiber material from Rh (III) complexes in nitric acid solutions", Russ. J. Electroche. 39, 703-705, 2003.
14.S. Son, H. Lee, S. Park,"Kinetics of Rhodium electrodeposition for semiconductor interconnect applications", Surf. Interface Anal. 42, 1244-1246, 2010.
15.F. H. Reid,"Some experimental and practical aspects of heavy Rhodium plating", Trans. IMF. 33, 105-140, 1955.
16.K. Mech, P. Zabinski, R. Kowalik,"Analysis of Rhodium electrodeposition from Chloride society", J. Electrochem. Soc. 161, 458-461, 2014.
17.S. Kumar, S. Pande, P. Verma,"Factor effecting electro-deposition process", Int. j. curr. eng. 5, 700-703, 2015.
18.W. Wu, J. Liu, Yue Zhang, X. Wang, Yi Zhang,"The influence of current density and bath temperature on electrodeposition of Rhodium film from sulfate-phosphate aqueous solution", J. Appl. Electrochem., 49, 1043-1054, 2019.
19.H. Natter, R. Hempelmann,"Nanocrystalline Copper by pulsed electrodeposition: The effects of organic additives, bath temperature and pH", J. Phys. Chem.. 100, 19525-19532, 1996.
20.N. V. Mandich,"pH, Hydrogen evalution & their significance in electroplating operations", Plat. Surf. Finish., 89, 54-58, 2002.
21.M. Sadeghi, P. D. Winkel, H. Afarideh, M. Saeid,"Thick Rhodium electrodeposition on Copper backing as the target for production of Palladium-103", J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. 262, 665-672, 2004.
22.B. K. Devendra, B. M. Praveen, V. S. Tripathi, G. Nagaraju, B. M. Prasanna, M. Shashank,"Development of Rhodium coatings by electrodeposition for photocatalytiv dye degradation", Vac. 205, 1-7, 2022.
23.B. K. Devendra, B. M. Praveen, V. S. Tripathi, D. H. Nagaraju, M. Padaki, H. P. Nagaswarupa, R. H. Krishna,"Advanced strategies for hydrogen generation by Rhodium metal catalysts coated by the electrodeposition method", Appl. Surf. Sci.  Adv, 12, 1-6, 2022.
24.A. M. Baraka, H. A. Hamed, H. H. Shaarawy, "Electrodeposition of Rhodium metal on Titanium substrates", Anti-Corros. Methods Mater. 49, 277-282, 2002.
25.C. Shervin, S. Bhat, S. P. Hebbar,"Effect of plating time on surface morphology and coating thickness of Nickel plating on Copper surface", J. Phase Change Mater. 1, 2021.
26.A. Taherkhani, Y. Shajari, K. Mirzavand, A. Mellatkhah, Z. S. Seyedraoufi, "The Effect of electroplating time on microstructural propertice and hardness of Silver coating on C10100 alloy", J. Mater. Environ. 3, 5-9, 2019.
27.C. C. Corti, E. V. Lingen,"Special colors of precious-metal jewelry:present and future", Proceedings of  the Santa Fe Symposium on Jewelry Manufacturing Technology, 165-197, USA, 2016.