1. Yerokhin A, Nie X, Leyland A, Matthews A, Dowey S. Plasma electrolysis for surface engineering. Surf Coat Technol. 1999;122(2-3):73-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0257-8972(99) 00441-7.
2. Curran J, Clyne T. Thermo-physical properties of plasma electrolytic oxide coatings on aluminium. Surf Coat Technol. 2005;199(2-3):168-76. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.surfcoat. 2004.11.045.
3. Arrabal R, Matykina E, Hashimoto T, Skeldon P, Thompson G. Characterization of AC PEO coatings on magnesium alloys. Surf Coat Technol. 2009;203(16):2207-20. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.02.011.
4. Song Y, Dong K, Shan D, Han E-H. Investigation of a novel self-sealing pore micro-arc oxidation film on AM60 magnesium alloy. J Magnes Alloys. 2013;1(1):82-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2013.04.002
5. Hussein R, Northwood D, Nie X. The effect of processing parameters and substrate composition on the corrosion resistance of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coated magnesium alloys. Surf Coat Technol. 2013;237:357-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.08.042.
6. Barchiche C-E, Rocca E, Juers C, Hazan J, Steinmetz J. Corrosion resistance of plasma-anodized AZ91D magnesium alloy by electrochemical methods. Electrochim Acta. 2007;53(2):417-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. electacta.2007.06.037.
7. Aliasghari S, Skeldon P, Thompson G. Plasma electrolytic oxidation of titanium in a phosphate/silicate electrolyte and tribological performance of the coatings. Appl Surf Sci. 2014;316:463-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.07. 200.
8. Dehnavi V, Luan BL, Liu XY, Shoesmith DW, Rohani S. Correlation between plasma electrolytic oxidation treatment stages and coating microstructure on aluminum under unipolar pulsed DC mode. Surf Coat Technol. 2015;269:91-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.11.044.
9. Lv G, Gu W, Chen H, Feng W, Khosa ML, Li L, et al. Characteristic of ceramic coatings on aluminum by plasma electrolytic oxidation in silicate and phosphate electrolyte. Appl Surf Sci. 2006;253(5):2947-52. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.06.035.
10. Ghasemi A, Raja V, Blawert C, Dietzel W, Kainer K. The role of anions in the formation and corrosion resistance of the plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings. Surf Coat Technol. 2010;204(9-10):1469-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.surfcoat.2009.09.078.
11. Shokouhfar M, Dehghanian C, Montazeri M, Baradaran A. Preparation of ceramic coating on Ti substrate by plasma electrolytic oxidation in different electrolytes and evaluation of its corrosion resistance: Part II. Appl Surf Sci. 2012;258(7):2416-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc. 2011.10.067.
12. Lu X, Mohedano M, Blawert C, Matykina E, Arrabal R, Kainer KU, et al. Plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings with particle additions–A review. Surf Coat Technol. 2016;307:1165-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016. 06.055.
13. Tang M, Li W, Liu H, Zhu L. Preparation Al2O3/ZrO2 composite coating in an alkaline phosphate electrolyte containing K2ZrF6 on aluminum alloy by microarc oxidation. Appl Surf Sci. 2012;258(15):5869-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.02.119.
14. Li Z, Di S. The microstructure and wear resistance of microarc oxidation composite coatings containing nano-hexagonal boron nitride (HBN) particles. J Mater Eng Perform. 2017;26:1551-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-017-2574-1.
15. Li Z, Di S. Microstructure and properties of MAO composite coatings containing nanorutile TiO2 particles. Surf Rev Lett. 2017;24(03):1750115. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218625 X17501157.
16. Kaseem M, Ko YG. Electrochemical response of Al2O3-MoO2-TiO2 oxide films formed on 6061 Al alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation. J Electrochem Soc. 2016; 163(9):C587. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0951609jes
17. Bahramian A, Raeissi K, Hakimizad A. An investigation of the characteristics of Al2O3/TiO2 PEO nanocomposite coating. Appl Surf Sci. 2015;351:13-26. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.05.104.
18. Jiang H, Cheng F, Fang D. Influence of TiO2 additives on cavitation erosion resistance of Al-Mg alloy Micro-Arc oxidation coating. Coatings. 2019;9(8):521. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9080521.
19. Pfaff G. Titanium dioxide pigments. Phys Sci Rev. 2021;6(11):679-96. https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2020-0177
20. Arunnellaiappan T, Ashfaq M, Krishna LR, Rameshbabu N. Fabrication of corrosion-resistant Al2O3–CeO2 composite coating on AA7075 via plasma electrolytic oxidation coupled with electrophoretic deposition. Ceram Int. 2016;42(5):5897-905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint. 2015 12.144
21. Nurhasanah I, Astuti Y, Triadiyaksa P. Precipitation Synthesis of CeO2 Nanopowder Pigment. J Rekayasa Kim Lingkung. 2023;18(1):29-36. https://doi.org/10.23955/ rkl.v18i1.27647.
22. Arunnellaiappan T, Arun S, Hariprasad S, Gowtham S, Ravisankar B, Rama Krishna L, et al. Fabrication of corrosion resistant hydrophobic ceramic nanocomposite coatings on PEO treated AA7075. Ceram Int. 2018;44(1):874-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint. 2017.10.006.
23. Dziubak C. Colour modifiers of zirconium-vanadium pigments on a ZrO2 basis. Mater Sci-Poland. 2012;30(4):398-405. https://doi.org/10.2478/s13536-012-0040-1.
24. Erfanifar E, Aliofkhazraei M, Nabavi HF, Sharifi H, Rouhaghdam AS. Growth kinetics and morphology of plasma electrolytic oxidation coating on aluminum. Mater Chem Phys. 2017;185:162-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.matchemphys.2016.10.019.
25. Vakili-Azghandi M, Fattah-Alhosseini A. Effects of duty cycle, current frequency, and current density on corrosion behavior of the plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on 6061 Al alloy in artificial seawater. Metall Mater Trans A. 2017;48:4681-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-017-4234-3.
26. Vakili-Azghandi M, Fattah-alhosseini A, Keshavarz MK. Effects of Al2O3 nano-particles on corrosion performance of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings formed on 6061 aluminum alloy. J Mater Eng Perform. 2016;25:5302-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2378-8.
27. Ghafaripoor M, Raeissi K, Santamaria M, Hakimizad A. The corrosion and tribocorrosion resistance of PEO composite coatings containing α-Al2O3 particles on 7075 Al alloy. Surf Coat Technol. 2018;349:470-9. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.06.019.
28. Farhadi S, Aliofkhazraei M, Barati Darband G, Abolhasani A, Sabour Rouhaghdam A. Wettability and corrosion behavior of chemically modified plasma electrolytic oxidation nanocomposite coating. J Mater Eng Perform. 2017;26:4797-806. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-017-2936-8.
29. O'Hara M, Troughton S, Francis R, Clyne T. The incorporation of particles suspended in the electrolyte into plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on Ti and Al substrates. Surf Coat Technol. 2020;385:125354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125354.
30. Rambabu P, Eswara Prasad N, Kutumbarao V, Wanhill R. Aluminium alloys for aerospace applications. Aerosp Mater Mater Technol. 2017:29-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2134-3_2.
31. Davis JR. Aluminum and aluminum alloys: ASM international; 1993.
32. Lin Z, Yu H, He S, Wang D, Chen C. Effect of Na2WO4 on Growth Process and Corrosion Resistance of Micro-arc Oxidation Coatings on 2A12 Aluminum Alloys in CH3COONa Electrolyte. J Mater Eng Perform. 2016;25:297-303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-015-1830 -5.
33. Du C, Zhao H, Dai Z, Tian Z, Wang J, Wang Z. The preparation and properties of black coating by micro arc oxidation on 2A12 aluminum alloy. Mater Lett. 2019;236:723-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018. 11.036.
34. Fattah-Alhosseini A, Vakili-Azghandi M, Keshavarz MK. Influence of concentrations of KOH and Na2SiO3 electrolytes on the electrochemical behavior of ceramic coatings on 6061 Al alloy processed by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Acta Metall Sin-Engl Lett. 2016;29:274-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40195-016-0386-1.
35. Tang M, Li W, Liu H, Zhu L. Influence of titania sol in the electrolyte on characteristics of the microarc oxidation coating formed on 2A70 aluminum alloy. Surf Coat Technol. 2011;205(17-18):4135-40. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.03.007.
36. Wang R-q, Wu Y-k, Wu G-r, Chen D, He D-l, Li D, et al. An investigation about the evolution of microstructure and composition difference between two interfaces of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on Al. J Alloys Compd. 2018;753:272-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018. 04.233.
37. Tang M, Li W, Liu H, Zhu L. Influence of K2TiF6 in electrolyte on characteristics of the microarc oxidation coating on aluminum alloy. Curr Appl Phys. 2012;12(5):1259-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2012. 03.003.
38. Li SS, Yue X, Li QY, Peng HL, Dong BX, Liu TS, et al. Development and applications of aluminum alloys for aerospace industry. J Mater Res Technol. 2023;27:944-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.09.274
39. Stojanovic B, Bukvic М, Epler I. Application of aluminum and aluminum alloys in engineering. 2018.
40. Abd El-Hameed AM, Abdel-Aziz Y. Aluminium alloys in space applications: a short report. J Adv Res Appl Sci Eng Technol. 2021;22(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset. 22.1.17.
41. Georgantzia E, Gkantou M, Kamaris GS. Aluminium alloys as structural material: A review of research. Eng Struct. 2021;227:111372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020. 111372.
42. Zhang A, Li Y. Thermal conductivity of aluminum alloys—a review. Materials. 2023;16(8):2972. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/ma16082972
43. Totten GE, MacKenzie DS. Handbook of Aluminum: Volume 2: Alloy production and materials manufacturing: CRC press; 2003.
44. ZHANG B-b, BEHNAMIAN Y. Review of micro-scale and atomic-scale corrosion mechanisms of second phases in aluminum alloys. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China. 2021;31(11):3205-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(21)65729-9.
45. Ikeuba AI, Njoku CN, Ekerenam OO, Njoku DI, Udoh II, Daniel EF, et al. A review of the electrochemical and galvanic corrosion behavior of important intermetallic compounds in the context of aluminum alloys. RSC Adv. 2024;14(43):31921-53. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA05 879A
46. Yang Y, Wu Y, Jin S, Wang D, Zhang S, Zha M. A Brief Review on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Aluminum Alloys: Mechanisms, Prevention, and Future Perspectives. J Alloys Compd. 2025:182430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom. 2024.182430.
47. Avramenko T, Michel S, Kollender J, Burda I, Hans U, Affolter C. Review on Environmentally Assisted Static and Fatigue Cracking of Al-Mg-Si-(Cu) Alloys. Metals. 2024;14(6):621. https://doi.org/10.3390/met14060621.
48. Shozib IA, Ahmad A, Abdul-Rani AM, Beheshti M, Aliyu AAA. A review on the corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P based composite coatings and electrochemical corrosion testing methods. Corros Rev. 2022;40(1):1-37. https://doi. org/10.1515/corrrev-2021-0047.
49. Gamba M, Cristoforetti A, Fedel M, Ceriani F, Ormellese M, Brenna A. Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) coatings on aluminum alloy 2024: A review of mechanisms, processes, and corrosion resistance enhancement. Appl Surf Sci Adv. 2025;26:100707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100 707.
50. Pezzato L, Colusso E, Cerchier P, Settimi AG, Brunelli K. Production and characterization of photocatalytic PEO coatings containing TiO2 powders recovered from wastes. Coatings. 2023;13(2):411. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings 13020411.
51. Kostelac L, Pezzato L, Colusso E, Natile MM, Brunelli K, Dabalà M. Black PEO coatings on titanium and titanium alloys produced at low current densities. Appl Sci. 2023;13(22):12280. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132212280.
52. Martin J, Melhem A, Shchedrina I, Duchanoy T, Nomine A, Henrion G, et al. Effects of electrical parameters on plasma electrolytic oxidation of aluminium. Surf Coat Technol. 2013;221:70-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.01. 029.
53. Gao Y. Investigation of plasma electrolytic oxidation of commercially pure magnesium for biomedical applications: University of Sheffield; 2014.
54. Parfenov E, Yerokhin A, Nevyantseva R, Gorbatkov M, Liang C-J, Matthews A. Towards smart electrolytic plasma technologies: An overview of methodological approaches to process modelling. Surf Coat Technol. 2015;269:2-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.11.003
55. Li G, Wang Y, Qiao L, Zhao R, Zhang S, Zhang R, et al. Preparation and formation mechanism of copper incorporated micro-arc oxidation coatings developed on Ti-6Al-4V alloys. Surf Coat Technol. 2019;375:74-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.07.008
56. Sikdar S, Menezes PV, Maccione R, Jacob T, Menezes PL. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) process—processing, properties, and applications. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11(6):1375. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11061375
57. Snizhko L, Yerokhin A, Gurevina N, Patalakha V, Matthews A. Excessive oxygen evolution during plasma electrolytic oxidation of aluminium. Thin Solid Films. 2007;516(2-4):460-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.05.085
58. Boinet M, Verdier S, Maximovitch S, Dalard F. Plasma electrolytic oxidation of AM60 magnesium alloy: Monitoring by acoustic emission technique. Electrochemical properties of coatings. Surf Coat Technol. 2005;199(2-3):141-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat. 2004.10.139.
59. Gu X, Li N, Zhou W, Zheng Y, Zhao X, Cai Q, et al. Corrosion resistance and surface biocompatibility of a microarc oxidation coating on a Mg–Ca alloy. Acta Biomater. 2011;7(4):1880-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. actbio.2010.11.034.
60. Zhang X, Zhao Z, Wu F, Wang Y, Wu J. Corrosion and wear resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy with and without microarc oxidation coating in Hank's solution. J Mater Sci. 2007;42:8523-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-1780-x.
61. Yao Z, Jia F, Tian S, Li C, Jiang Z, Bai X. Microporous Ni-doped TiO2 film photocatalyst by plasma electrolytic oxidation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2010;2(9):2617-22. https://doi.org/10.1021/am100441s.
62. Huang P, Xu K-W, Han Y. Preparation and apatite layer formation of plasma electrolytic oxidation film on titanium for biomedical application. Mater Lett. 2005;59(2-3):185-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2004.09.013.
63. Xu Y, Yao Z, Jia F, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Bu H. Preparation of PEO ceramic coating on Ti alloy and its high temperature oxidation resistance. Curr Appl Phys. 2010;10(2):698-702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2009.08.019.
64. Lugovskoy A, Zinigrad M. Plasma electrolytic oxidation of valve metals. Mater Sci-Advanced Topics. 2013;1:85-102.
65. Darband GB, Aliofkhazraei M, Hamghalam P, Valizade N. Plasma electrolytic oxidation of magnesium and its alloys: Mechanism, properties and applications. J Magnes Alloys. 2017;5(1):74-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2016.11. 003.
66. Li Q, Liang J, Wang Q. Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings on Lightweight. Modern surface engineering treatments. 2013:75.
67. Wang S, Liu X, Yin X, Du N. Influence of electrolyte components on the microstructure and growth mechanism of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on 1060 aluminum alloy. Surf Coat Technol. 2020;381:125214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.125214.
68. Clyne TW, Troughton SC. A review of recent work on discharge characteristics during plasma electrolytic oxidation of various metals. Int Mater Rev. 2019;64(3):127-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/09506608.2018.1466492.
69. Babaei K, Fattah-Alhosseini A, Molaei M. The effects of carbon-based additives on corrosion and wear properties of Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings applied on Aluminum and its alloys: A review. Surf Interfaces. 2020;21:100677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100 677.
70. Rahbari Fard N, Gharagozlou M, Allahkaram SR. A Review on improving corrosion wear resistance properties of magnesium alloys using nanoparticles of zinc oxide pigment by plasma electrolytic oxidation method. J Stud Color World. 2021;11(3):73-93. https://doi.org/10.30509/jscw. 2021.1002575
71. Arun S, Arunnellaiappan T, Rameshbabu N. Fabrication of the nanoparticle incorporated PEO coating on commercially pure zirconium and its corrosion resistance. Surf Coat Technol. 2016;305:264-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. surfcoat.2016.08.008
72. Simchen F, Sieber M, Kopp A, Lampke T. Introduction to plasma electrolytic oxidation—An overview of the process and applications. Coatings. 2020;10(7):628. https://doi.org /10.3390/coatings10070628.
73. Rogov AB, Yerokhin A, Matthews A. The role of cathodic current in plasma electrolytic oxidation of aluminum: Phenomenological concepts of the "soft sparking" mode. Langmuir. 2017;33(41):11059-69. https://doi.org/10.1021 /acs.langmuir.7b02354.
74. Sieber M, Simchen F, Morgenstern R, Scharf I, Lampke T. Plasma electrolytic oxidation of high-strength aluminium alloys—substrate effect on wear and corrosion performance. Metals. 2018;8(5):356. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8050 356.
75. Oh Y-J, Mun J-I, Kim J-H. Effects of alloying elements on microstructure and protective properties of Al2O3 coatings formed on aluminum alloy substrates by plasma electrolysis. Surf Coat Technol. 2009;204(1-2):141-8. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.surfcoat.2009.07.007
76. Cheng Y, Shi X, Lv Y, Zhang X. Effect of electrolyte temperature on plasma electrolytic oxidation of pure aluminum. Metals. 2024;14(6):615. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/met14060615.
77. Liu R, Wu J, Xue W, Qu Y, Yang C, Wang B, et al. Discharge behaviors during plasma electrolytic oxidation on aluminum alloy. Mater Chem Phys. 2014;148(1-2):284-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2014.07.048.
78. Doolabi DS, Ehteshamzadeh M, Mirhosseini S. Effect of NaOH on the structure and corrosion performance of alumina and silica PEO coatings on aluminum. J Mater Eng Perform. 2012;21:2195-202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665 -012-0141-3.
79. Wen L, Wang Y, Jin Y, Liu B, Zhou Y, Sun D. Microarc oxidation of 2024 Al alloy using spraying polar and its influence on microstructure and corrosion behavior. Surf Coat Technol. 2013;228:92-9. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.04.014.
80. Rogov A, Shayapov V. The role of cathodic current in PEO of aluminum: Influence of cationic electrolyte composition on the transient current-voltage curves and the discharges optical emission spectra. Appl Surf Sci. 2017;394:323-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.10.099.
81. Letyagin NV, Akopyan TK, Sokorev AA, Sviridova TA, Cherkasov SO, Mansurov YN. The characterization of coatings formed on as-cast Al, Al–Si, and Al–ca aluminum substrates by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Metals. 2023;13(9):1509. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13091509
82. Liang J, Peng Z, Li R, Wang B. Preparation of white ZrO2 coating with low solar absorptance on aluminum alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Ceram Int. 2023;49(17):29133-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint. 2023.06.143.
83. Gonzaga LA, Santana VT, Bernardi MIB, Hrubý J, Neugebauer P, Mesquita A. CeO2 and CeO2: Pr nanocrystalline powders prepared by the polymeric precursor method: Yellow and red pigments with tunable color. J Am Ceram Soc. 2020;103(11):6280-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.17359.
84. Ghorbanian B, Tajally M, Khoie SMM, Tavakoli H. Optimization of allotropic and hardness of aluminum oxide coating by PEO. arXiv preprint arXiv:200507471. 2020.
85. Kaseem M, Fattah-alhosseini A. Corrosion behavior of Fe2O3/alumina layer produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation of 6061 Al alloy. Metals. 2023;13(3):495. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13030495.
86. Wang X, Ju P, Lu X, Chen Y, Wang F. Influence of Cr2O3 particles on corrosion, mechanical and thermal control properties of green PEO coatings on Mg alloy. Ceram Int. 2022;48(3):3615-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint. 2021.10.161.
87. Lv P, Xu X, Zhou W, Dong Q, Guan L, Li Z, et al. Enhancement of antimicrobial properties of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on aluminum alloy surfaces with CuO nanoparticles. Ceram Int. 2024;50(24):55449-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2024.08.282.
88. Chen WH, Huang S-Y, Chu Y-R, Yang S-H, Cheng I-C, Jian S-Y, et al. Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the corrosion resistance, wear, and antibacterial properties of microarc oxidation coatings applied on AZ31 magnesium alloy. Surf Coat Technol. 2024;476:130238. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2023.130238.
89. McCarroll AG, Menezes PL. Modern Innovations and Applications in Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings on Aluminum, Magnesium, and Titanium. Coatings. 2025;15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15050599.
90. Pfaff G. The world of inorganic pigments. ChemTexts. 2022;8(3):15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40828-022-00163-4
91. Altammar KA. A review on nanoparticles: characteristics, synthesis, applications, and challenges. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1155622. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1155 622.
92. Necula B, Fratila-Apachitei L, Berkani A, Apachitei I, Duszczyk J. Enrichment of anodic MgO layers with Ag nanoparticles for biomedical applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Med. 2009;20:339-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10856-008-3588-x.
93. Hanaor D, Michelazzi M, Leonelli C, Sorrell CC. The effects of carboxylic acids on the aqueous dispersion and electrophoretic deposition of ZrO2. J Eur Ceram Soc. 2012;32(1):235-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc. 2011.08.015.
94. Lee KM, Lee BU, Yoon SI, Lee ES, Yoo B, Shin DH. Evaluation of plasma temperature during plasma oxidation processing of AZ91 Mg alloy through analysis of the melting behavior of incorporated particles. Electrochim Acta. 2012;67:6-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta. 2012.02.005.
95. Vasilyeva M, Rudnev V, Korotenko I, Nedozorov P. Producing and studying oxide coatings containing manganese and nickel compounds on titanium from electrolyte suspensions. Prot Met Phys Chem Surf. 2012;48:106-15. https://doi.org/10.1134/S207020511106 0209.
96. Lee KM, Ko YG, Shin DH. Incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes into the oxide layer on a 7075 Al alloy coated by plasma electrolytic oxidation: Coating structure and corrosion properties. Curr Appl Phys. 2011;11(4):S55-S9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2011.03.041.
97. Li X, Luan BL. Discovery of Al2O3 particles incorporation mechanism in plasma electrolytic oxidation of AM60B magnesium alloy. Mater Lett. 2012;86:88-91. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.matlet.2012.07.021
98. Lim TS, Ryu HS, Hong S-H. Electrochemical corrosion properties of CeO2-containing coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloys prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Corros Sci. 2012;62:104-11. https://doi.org /10.1016/j.corsci.2012.05.002
99. Li W, Tang M, Zhu L, Liu H. Formation of microarc oxidation coatings on magnesium alloy with photocatalytic performance. Appl Surf Sci. 2012;258(24):10017-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.06.066.
100. Wang Y, Wei D, Yu J, Di S. Effects of Al2O3 nano-additive on performance of micro-arc oxidation coatings formed on AZ91D Mg alloy. J Mater Sci Technol. 2014;30(10):984-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2014.03.007.
101. Lu X, Blawert C, Huang Y, Ovri H, Zheludkevich ML, Kainer KU. Plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings on Mg alloy with addition of SiO2 particles. Electrochim Acta. 2016;187:20-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015. 11.033.
102. Matykina E, Arrabal R, Skeldon P, Thompson G. Incorporation of zirconia nanoparticles into coatings formed on aluminium by AC plasma electrolytic oxidation. J Appl Electrochem. 2008;38:1375-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10800-008-9579-2.
103. Weiping L, Liqun Z, Yihong L. Electrochemical oxidation characteristic of AZ91D magnesium alloy under the action of silica sol. Surf Coat Technol. 2006;201(3-4):1085-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.01.024.
104. Li W, Zhu L, Liu H. Preparation of hydrophobic anodic film on AZ91D magnesium alloy in silicate solution containing silica sol. Surf Coat Technol. 2006;201(6):2573-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.04.062.
105. Laleh M, Rouhaghdam AS, Shahrabi T, Shanghi A. Effect of alumina sol addition to micro-arc oxidation electrolyte on the properties of MAO coatings formed on magnesium alloy AZ91D. J Alloys Compd. 2010;496(1-2):548-52. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.02.138
106. Wei K, Chen L, Qu Y, Zhang Y, Jin X, Xue W, et al. Zeta potential of microarc oxidation film on zirlo alloy in different aqueous solutions. Corros Sci. 2018;143:129-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2018.08.023
107. Shahzamani S, Ashrafi A, Toroghinejad MR, Dehnavi V, Hakimizad A. The use of low duty cycle pulsed-unipolar current mode for producing Alumina/ZnO nanocomposite coatings via plasma electrolytic oxidation process. Mater Res Express. 2019;6(7):076555. https://doi.org/10.1088 /2053-1591/ab130c
108. Rojaee R, Fathi M, Raeissi K. Electrophoretic deposition of nanostructured hydroxyapatite coating on AZ91 magnesium alloy implants with different surface treatments. Appl Surf Sci. 2013;285:664-73. https://doi.org/10.1016 /j.apsusc.2013.08.108.
109. Kim YS, Yang HW, Shin KR, Ko YG, Shin DH. Heat dissipation properties of oxide layers formed on 7075 Al alloy via plasma electrolytic oxidation. Surf Coat Technol. 2015;269:114-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.02. 019.
110. Mohammadsadegh A, Gharagozlou M, Allahkaram SR. A Review on Improving the Corrosion Resistance of 316L Stainless Steel by Coating with Nanoparticles of Chitosan/Gelatin Using Electrophoretic Deposition Method. J Stud Color World. 2023;12(4):327-41. https://doi.org/ 10.30509/jscw.2023.1002894.
111. Fattah-alhosseini A, Molaei M, Attarzadeh N, Babaei K, Attarzadeh F. On the enhanced antibacterial activity of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings that incorporate particles: A review. Ceram Int. 2020;46(13):20587-607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint. 2020.04.149.
112. Hakimizad A, Raeissi K, Golozar MA, Lu X, Blawert C, Zheludkevich ML. Influence of cathodic duty cycle on the properties of tungsten containing Al2O3/TiO2 PEO nano-composite coatings. Surf Coat Technol. 2018;340:210-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.02.050
113. Kwon J, Fatimah S, Baek S, Kim Y, Yang H, Ko Y. Electrochemical response of VxOy-Al2O3 composite layer with dark-green color achieved by plasma electrolytic oxidation. J Alloys Compd. 2020;827:154367. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.154367.
114. Lee KM, Shin KR, Namgung S, Yoo B, Shin DH. Electrochemical response of ZrO2-incorporated oxide layer on AZ91 Mg alloy processed by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Surf Coat Technol. 2011;205(13-14):3779-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.01.048.
115. Seyfoori A, Mirdamadi S, Seyedraoufi Z, Khavandi A, Aliofkhazraei M. Synthesis of biphasic calcium phosphate containing nanostructured films by micro arc oxidation on magnesium alloy. Mater Chem Phys. 2013;142(1):87-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.06.037.
116. Arrabal R, Matykina E, Viejo F, Skeldon P, Thompson G, Merino M. AC plasma electrolytic oxidation of magnesium with zirconia nanoparticles. Appl Surf Sci. 2008;254(21):6937-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc. 2008.04.084.
117. Matykina E, Arrabal R, Skeldon P, Thompson G. Investigation of the growth processes of coatings formed by AC plasma electrolytic oxidation of aluminium. Electrochim Acta. 2009;54(27):6767-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. electacta.2009.06.086.
118. Necula B, Apachitei I, Tichelaar F, Fratila-Apachitei L, Duszczyk J. An electron microscopical study on the growth of TiO2–Ag antibacterial coatings on Ti6Al7Nb biomedical alloy. Acta Biomater. 2011;7(6):2751-7. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.02.037.
119. Kim D-Y, Kim M, Kim H-E, Koh Y-H, Kim H-W, Jang J-H. Formation of hydroxyapatite within porous TiO2 layer by micro-arc oxidation coupled with electrophoretic deposition. Acta Biomater. 2009;5(6):2196-205. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.actbio.2009.01.046.
120. Lu X, Blawert C, Zheludkevich ML, Kainer KU. Insights into plasma electrolytic oxidation treatment with particle addition. Corros Sci. 2015;101:201-7. https://doi.org /10.1016/j.corsci.2015.09.019.
121. Yeung W, Sukhorukova I, Shtansky D, Levashov E, Zhitnyak I, Gloushankova N, et al. Characteristics and in vitro response of thin hydroxyapatite–titania films produced by plasma electrolytic oxidation of Ti alloys in electrolytes with particle additions. RSC Adv. 2016;6(15):12688-98. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA25068K.
122. Arrabal R, Matykina E, Skeldon P, Thompson G. Incorporation of zirconia particles into coatings formed on magnesium by plasma electrolytic oxidation. J Mater Sci. 2008;43:1532-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-2390-3.
123. Blawert C, Sah SP, Liang J, Huang Y, Höche D. Role of sintering and clay particle additions on coating formation during PEO processing of AM50 magnesium alloy. Surf Coat Technol. 2012;213:48-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.surfcoat.2012.10.013.
124. Guo J, Wang L, Wang S, Liang J, Xue Q, Yan F. Preparation and performance of a novel multifunctional plasma electrolytic oxidation composite coating formed on magnesium alloy. J Mater Sci. 2009;44(8):1998-2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-009-3286-1.
125. Arrabal R, Mohedano M, Matykina E, Pardo A, Mingo B, Merino M. Characterization and wear behaviour of PEO coatings on 6082-T6 aluminium alloy with incorporated α-Al2O3 particles. Surf Coat Technol. 2015;269:64-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.02.019.
126. Mashtalyar DV, Imshinetskiy IM, Nadaraia KV, Gnedenkov AS, Suchkov SN, Opra DP, et al. Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the photocatalytic properties of PEO coatings on Mg alloy. J Magnes Alloys. 2023;11(2):735-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2021.07.007.
127. Wang P, Li J, Guo Y, Wang J, Yang Z, Liang M. The formation mechanism of the composited ceramic coating with thermal protection feature on an Al12Si piston alloy via a modified PEO process. J Alloys Compd. 2016;682:357-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.04.299.
128. Matykina E, Arrabal R, Monfort F, Skeldon P, Thompson G. Incorporation of zirconia into coatings formed by DC plasma electrolytic oxidation of aluminium in nanoparticle suspensions. Appl Surf Sci. 2008;255(5):2830-9. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.08.019.
129. Jin F, Chu PK, Tong H, Zhao J. Improvement of surface porosity and properties of alumina films by incorporation of Fe micrograins in micro-arc oxidation. Appl Surf Sci. 2006;253(2):863-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2006. 01.031.
130. Yürektürk Y, Muhaffel F, Baydoğan M. Characterization of micro arc oxidized 6082 aluminum alloy in an electrolyte containing carbon nanotubes. Surf Coat Technol. 2015;269:83-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015. 02.019.
131. Ma K-J, Al Bosta MM, Wu W-T. Preparation of self-lubricating composite coatings through a micro-arc plasma oxidation with graphite in electrolyte solution. Surf Coat Technol. 2014;259:318-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. surfcoat.2014.10.049.
132. Li H-x, Song R-g, Ji Z-g. Effects of nano-additive TiO2 on performance of micro-arc oxidation coatings formed on 6063 aluminum alloy. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China. 2013;23(2):406-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326 (13)62478-0.
133. Hu C-J, Hsieh M-H. Preparation of ceramic coatings on an Al–Si alloy by the incorporation of ZrO2 particles in microarc oxidation. Surf Coat Technol. 2014;258:275-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.08.062.
134. Kaseem M, Hussain T, Rehman ZU, Banisalman MJ, Ko YG. Advantage of an in-situ reactive incorporation over direct particles incorporation of V2O5 for a competitive plasma electrolysis coating. Surf Coat Technol. 2020;399:126200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020. 126200.
135. Bakhtiari-Zamani H, Saebnoori E, Bakhsheshi-Rad HR, Berto F. Corrosion and wear behavior of TiO2/TiN duplex coatings on titanium by plasma electrolytic oxidation and gas nitriding. Materials. 2022;15(23):8300. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15238300.
136. Hashemzadeh M, Raeissi K, Ashrafizadeh F, Hakimizad A, Santamaria M. Incorporation mechanism of colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles and their effect on properties of coatings grown on 7075 Al alloy from silicate-based solution using plasma electrolytic oxidation. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China. 2021;31(12):3659-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003 -6326(21)65751-2.
137. Ghorbanian B, Tajally M, Khoie SMM, Tavakoli H. Formation mechanism of Al2O3/MoS2 nanocomposite coating by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). Plasma Sci Technol. 2020;22(6):065503. https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ab7415.
138. Otgonbayar Z, Kim J, Sa M, Lee HS, Noh J, Yoon CM. Designing LiDAR‐Detectable Dark‐Tone Materials with High Near‐Infrared Reflectivity for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Review. Adv Funct Mater. 2025;35(1):2414876. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.2024 14876.
139. Kaseem M, Dikici B. Optimization of surface properties of plasma electrolytic oxidation coating by organic additives: a review. Coat. 2021;11(4):374. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/coatings11040374.
140. Fernández-López P, Alves SA, San-Jose JT, Gutierrez-Berasategui E, Bayón R. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) as a promising technology for the development of high-performance coatings on cast Al-Si alloys: a review. Coatings. 2024;14(2):217. https://doi.org/10.3390/ coatings14020217.
141. Wei J, Wu Y, Sun K, Li P, Fang Q, Zhang Y. Rational Design of Near-Infrared Reflective Pigments by Adjusting the Ni2+ Coordination Environment. Inorg Chem. 2025;64(10):5241-51. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs .inorgchem.5c00412.
142. Khan S, Ullah I, Rahman MU, Khan H, Shah AB, Althomali RH, et al. Inorganic-polymer composite electrolytes: basics, fabrications, challenges and future perspectives. Rev Inorg Chem. 2024;44(3):347-75. https://doi.org/10.1515/revic-2023-0025.
143. Shen J, Song Z, Qian X. possible trends of renewable organic fillers and pigments derived from natural resources for sustainable development of papermaking industry. BioResources. 2010;5(1). https://doi.org/10.15376/ biores.5.1.shen
144. Berardi A, Gamba M, Paterlini L, Ceriani F, Ormellese M. Potentiostatic Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) of Aluminum Alloy AA6082: Effect of Electrical Input on Coating Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance. Coatings. 2025;15(6):653. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15060653.
145. Yang C, Chen P, Wu W, Sheng L, Zheng Y, Chu PK. A review of corrosion-resistant PEO coating on Mg alloy. Coatings. 2024;14(4):451. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings 14040451.
146. Dzhurinskiy DV, Dautov SS, Shornikov PG, Akhatov IS. Surface modification of aluminum 6061-O alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation to improve corrosion resistance properties. Coatings. 2020;11(1):4. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/coatings11010004.
147. Pezzato L, Dabalà M, Brunelli K. Microstructure and corrosion properties of PEO coatings produced on AM-aluminum alloys. Key Eng Mater. 2019;813:298-303. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.813.298.
148. Silva ERR, Vieira MdOL, Mota RP, Lucas RR. Analysis of PEO coating on AA2024 alloy after immersion in saline solution. Braz J Dev. 2025;11(3):e78578. https://doi. org/10.34117/bjdv11n3-061.
)