پوشش‌های ضدمیکروبی مورد استفاده در بسته‌بندی مواد غذائی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسنده

دانشیار، گروه نانوفناوری رنگ، پژوهشکده پوشش‌های سطح و فناوریهای نوین، پژوهشگاه رنگ، تهران، ایران، صندوق‌پستی: ۶۵۴-۱۶۷۶۵.

10.30509/jscw.2026.167755.1277

چکیده

امنیت غذایی همواره یکی از نگرانی‌های اصلی در تامین زنجیره غذایی بوده و امروزه بیماری‌های ناشی از فساد مواد غذائی و تضمین ایمنی میکروبی در صنایع غذائی بیش از هر زمان دیگری اهمیت یافته است. این مقاله، پیشرفت‌های اخیر در پوشش‌های پلیمری ضد‌میکروبی و نقش آنها در به حداقل رساندن آلودگی میکروبی را بررسی می‌کند. در این راستا، انواع پوشش‌های مورد استفاده در صنایع غذائی و بسته‌بندی و سازوکارهای ضدمیکروبی آنها ارزیابی می‌شود. همچنین، عوامل ضدمیکروبی مختلف، از جمله نانوذرات فلزی، ترکیبات مشتق‌شده از گیاهان و مواد شیمیایی مصنوعی در سیستم‌های بسته‌بندی غذایی ارزیابی می‌شوند. در این راستا، مزایا و معایب هر دسته از پوشش‌ها و عوامل ضدمیکروبی بررسی می‌شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Antimicrobial Coatings Used in Food Packaging

نویسنده [English]

  • Sousan Rasouli
Department of Nanomaterials and Nanocoatings, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P. O. Box:16765-654,.Tehran-Iran
چکیده [English]

Food safety has always been a major concern in the food supply chain. Today, foodborne diseases and ensuring microbial safety in the food industry have become more important than ever. This article reviews recent advances in antimicrobial polymer coatings and their role in minimizing microbial contamination. In this regard, the types of coatings used in the food and packaging industries and their antimicrobial mechanisms are evaluated. It also evaluates various antimicrobial agents, including metal nanoparticles, plant-derived compounds, and synthetic chemicals, in food packaging systems. In this regard, the advantages and disadvantages of each category of antimicrobial coatings and agents are investigated.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Polymer coating
  • Packaging
  • Food industry
  • Antimicrobial
1. Tibebu A, Tamrat H, Bahiru A. Review: impact of food safety on global trade. Vet Med Sci. 2024;10(5):1585. https://doi. org/ 10. 1002/ vms3. 1585.
2. Thomas GA, Paradell Gil T, Muller CT, et al. From field to plate: how do bacterial enteric pathogens interact with ready-to-eat fruit and vegetables, causing disease outbreaks? Food Microbiol. 2024;117:104389. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. fm. 2023. 104389.
3. Kumari S, Debbarma R, Nasrin N, et al. Recent advances in packaging materials for food products. Food Bioeng. 2024;3:236–49. https://doi. org/ 10. 1002/ fbe2. 12096.
4. Sukhareva K, Chernetsov V, Burmistrov I. A review of antimicrobial polymer coatings on steel for the food processing industry. Polymers (Basel). 2024;16:809. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ polym 16060 809.
5. Dawan J, Zhang S, Ahn J. Recent advances in biofilm control technologies for the food industry. Antibiotics. 2025;14:254. https://doi.org/ 10. 3390/antib iotic s1403 0254.
6. Karnwal A, Kumar G, Singh R, et al. Natural biopolymers in edible coatings: applications in food preservation. Food Chem X. 2025;25:102171. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. fochx. 2025. 102171.
7. Mafe AN, Busselberg D. Microbiome integrity enhances the efficacy and safety of anticancer drug. Biomedicines. 2025;13:422. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ biome dicin es130 20422.
8. Ali A, Zahra A, Kamthan M, et al. Microbial biofilms: applications, clinical consequences, and alternative therapies. Microorganisms. 2023;11:1934. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ micro organ isms1 10819 34.
9. Edo GI, Ndudi W, Ali ABM, et al. Biopolymers: an inclusive review. Hybrid Adv. 2025;9: 100418. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. hybadv. 2025.100418.
10. Munoz-Bonilla A, Echeverria C, Sonseca A, et al. Bio-based polymers with antimicrobial properties towards sustainable development. Materials (Basel). 2019;12:641. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ ma120 40641.
11. Vanaraj R, Suresh Kumar SM, Mayakrishnan G, et al. A current trend in efficient biopolymer coatings for edible fruits to enhance shelf life. Polymers (Basel). 2024;16:2639. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ polym 16182 639.
12. Das A, Ghosh S, Pramanik N. Chitosan biopolymer and its composites: processing, properties and applications-a comprehensive review. Hybrid Adv. 2024;6:100265. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. hybadv. 2024. 100265.
13. Huq T, Khan A, Brown D, et al. Sources, production and commercial applications of fungal chitosan: a review. J Bioresour Bioprod. 2022;7:85–98. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. jobab. 2022. 01. 002.
14. Ul-Islam M, Alabbosh KF, Manan S, et al. Chitosan-based nanostructured biomaterials: synthesis, properties, and biomedical applications. Adv Ind Eng Polym Res. 2024;7:79–99. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. aiepr. 2023. 07. 002. 
15. Florez M, Guerra-Rodriguez E, Cazon P, Vazquez M. Chitosan for food packaging: recent advances in active and intelligent films. Food Hydrocoll. 2022;124: 107328. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. foodhyd. 2021. 107328.
16. Basem A, Jasim DJ, Majdi HS, et al. Adsorption of heavy metals from wastewater by chitosan: a review. Results Eng. 2024;23: 102404. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. rineng. 2024. 102404.
17. Bi D, Yang X, Yao L, et al. Potential food and nutraceutical applications of alginate: a review. Mar Drugs. 2022;20:564. https://doi. org/ 10.3390/ md200 90564.
18. Silva SPM, Teixeira JA, Silva CCG. Recent advances in the use of edible films and coatings with probiotic and bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria. Food Biosci. 2023;56: 103196. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. fbio. 2023. 103196.
19. Senturk Parreidt T, Muller K, Schmid M. Alginate-based edible films and coatings for food packaging applications. Foods. 2018;7:170. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ foods 71001 70.
20. Eranda DHU, Chaijan M, Panpipat W, et al. Gelatin-chitosan interactions in edible films and coatings doped with plant extracts for bio preservation of fresh tuna fish products: a review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024;280: 135661. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. ijbio mac. 2024. 135661.
21. Punia Bangar S, Chaudhary V, Thakur N, et al. Natural antimicrobials as additives for edible food packaging applications: a review. Foods. 2021;10:2282. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ foods 10102 282.
22. Ahammed S, Liu F, Khin MN, et al. Improvement of the water resistance and ductility of gelatin film by zein. Food Hydrocoll. 2020;105:105804. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. foodh yd. 2020. 105804.
23. Liu Y, Ahmed S, Sameen DE, et al. A review of cellulose and its derivatives in biopolymer-based for food packaging application. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2021;112:532–46. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. tifs. 2021. 04. 016.
24. Tomić A, Šovljanski O, Erceg T. Insight on incorporation of essential oils as antimicrobial substances in biopolymer-based active packaging. Antibiotics. 2023;12:1473. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ antib iotic s1209 1473.
25. Janowicz M, Galus S, Ciurzyńska A, Nowacka M. The potential of edible films, sheets, and coatings based on fruits and vegetables in the context of sustainable food packaging development. Polymers (Basel). 2023;15:4231. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ polym 15214231.
26. Ramirez S, Zuniga F, Amenabar A, et al. Copper-modified cellulose paper: a comparative study of how antimicrobial activity is affected by particle size and testing standards. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26:480. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ ijms2 60204 80.
27. Etale A, Onyianta AJ, Turner SR, Eichhorn SJ. Cellulose: a review of water interactions, applications in composites, and water treatment. Chem Rev. 2023;123:2016–48. https://doi. org/ 10. 1021/ acs. chemr ev. 2c004 77.
28. Yang Q, Zhao J, Muhammad A, et al. Biopolymer coating for particle surface engineering and their biomedical applications. Mater Today Bio. 2022;16:100407. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. mtbio. 2022. 100407.
29. Shaikh S, Yaqoob M, Aggarwal P. An overview of biodegradable packaging in food industry. Curr Res Food Sci. 2021;4:503–20. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. crfs. 2021. 07. 005.
30. Alkarri S, Bin Saad H, Soliman M. On antimicrobial polymers: development, mechanism of action, international testing procedures, and applications. Polymers (Basel). 2024;16:771. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ polym 16060 771.
31. Moshood TD, Nawanir G, Mahmud F, et al. Sustainability of biodegradable plastics: new problem or solution to solve the global plastic pollution. Curr Res Green Sustain Chem. 2022 ;5: 100273. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. crgsc. 2022. 100273.
32. Diez-Pascual AM. Antimicrobial polymer-based materials for food packaging applications. Polymers (Basel). 2020;12:731. https://doi.org/ 10. 3390/ polym 12040 731.
33. Pinaeva LG, Noskov AS. Biodegradable biopolymers: real impact to environment pollution. Sci Total Environ. 2024;947:174445. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. scito tenv. 2024. 174445.
34. Lewandowski K, Skorczewska K. A brief review of poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) recycling. Polymers (Basel). 2022;14:3035. https://doi. org/10. 3390/ polym 14153 035.
35. Motelica L, Ficai D, Ficai A, et al. Biodegradable antimicrobial food packaging: trends and perspectives. Foods. 2020;9:1438. https://doi.org/ 10. 3390/ foods 91014 38.
36. Mujtaba M, Lipponen J, Ojanen M. Trends and challenges in the development of bio-based barrier coating materials for paper/cardboard food packaging; a review. Sci Total Environ. 2022;851: 158328. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. scito tenv. 2022. 158328.
37. Tsung TH, Tsai YC, Lee HP. Biodegradable polymer-based drug-delivery systems for ocular diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:12976. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ ijms2 41612 976.
38. Satchanska G, Davidova S, Petrov PD. Natural and synthetic polymers for biomedical and environmental applications. Polymers (Basel). 2024;16:1159. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ polym 16081 159.
39. Mawazi SM, Kumar M, Ahmad N. Recent applications of chitosan and its derivatives in antibacterial, anticancer, wound healing, and tissue engineering fields. Polymers (Basel). 2024;16:1351. https://doi. org/10. 3390/polym 16101 351.
40. Wang J, Yuan Y, Liu Y, X. Li, Sh. Wu. Application of chitosan in fruit preservation: a review. Food Chem X. 2024;23: 101589. https://doi. org/ 10.1016/j. fochx. 2024. 101589.
41. Shah YA, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Afzzal M. Mechanical properties of protein-based food packaging materials. Polymers (Basel). 2023;15:1724. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ polym 15071 724.
42. Oliveira I, Pinto T, Afonso S, Karas M. Sustainability in bio-based edible films, coatings, and packaging for small fruits. Appl Sci. 2025;15:1462. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ app15 031462.
43. Mafe AN, Edo GI, Akpoghelie PO. Comparative analysis of the environmental impact of biopolymer-based and conventional plastic packaging in food engineering applications. Al-Mustaqbal J Sustain Eng Sci. 2024;2: 104-142. https://doi. org/ 10. 62723/ 2959- 5932. 1017.
44. Ming Dong, Emiliano Bilotti, Han Zhang, imitrios G. Papageoriou, Sustainable Gelatin-Based Nanocomposite Packaging Films with Enhanced Physical Properties and Inherent Recyclability, Adv. Sustainable Syst. 2025, 9, 2400728, https://doi.org/ 10.1002/adsu.202400728.
45. Alirezalu K, Yaghoubi M, Poorsharif L, Aminia Sh. Antimicrobial polyamide-alginate casing incorporated with nisin and ε-polylysine nanoparticles combined with plant extract for inactivation of selected bacteria in nitrite-free frankfurter-type sausage. Foods. 2021;10:1003. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ foods 10051 003.
46. Meira SMM, Zehetmeyer G, Scheibel JM, Werner JO, Brandelli A. Starch-halloysite nanocomposites containing nisin: Characterization and inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes in soft chees. LWT 2016, 68, 226-234. https://doi. rg/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.12.
47. Wagle BR, Donoghue AM, Shrestha S, Upadhyaya I. Carvacrol attenuates Campylobacter jejuni colonization factors and proteome critical for persistence in the chicken gut. Poult Sci. 2020;99:4566–77. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. psj. 2020. 06. 020.
48. Roy R, Tiwari M, Donelli G, Tiwari V. Strategies for combating bacterial biofilms: a focus on anti-biofilm agents and their mechanisms of action. Virulence. 2018;9:522–54. https://doi. org/ 10. 1080/ 21505 594. 2017. 13133 72.
49. More PR, Pandit S, De Fillipis A. Franci G. Silver nanoparticles: bactericidal and mechanistic approach against drug resistant pathogens. Microorganisms. 2023;11:369. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ micro organ isms1 10203 69.
50. Bryaskova R, Philipova N, Bakov V, Georgiev N. Innovative antibacterial polymer coatings. Appl Sci. 2025;15:1780. https://doi. org/10. 3390/ app15 041780.
51. Wang J, Zhao F, Huang J, Li Q. Yang Q. Application of essential oils as slow-release antimicrobial agents in food preservation: preparation strategies, release mechanisms and applic ation cases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2024;64:6272–97. https://doi. org/ 10. 1080/ 10408 398.2023. 21670 66.
52. Jose A, Gizdavic-Nikolaidis M, Swift S. Antimicrobial coatings: reviewing options for healthcare applications. Appl Microbiol. 2023;3:145–74. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ applm icrob iol30 10012.
53. Kaur KD, Habimana O. Death at the interface: nanotechnology’s challenging frontier against microbial surface colonization. Front Chem. 2022. https://doi. org/ 10. 3389/ fchem. 2022. 10032 34.
54. Sharma S, Mohler J, Mahajan SD, Schwartz SA. Bruggemann L. Aalinkeel R. Microbial biofilm: a review on formation, infection, antibiotic resistance, control measures, and innovative treatment. Microorganisms. 2023;11:1614. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ micro organ isms1 10616 14.
55. Mishra R, Panda AK, De Mandal S, Shakeel M, Bisht S.S, Khan J. Natural anti-biofilm agents: strategies to control biofilm-forming pathogens. Front Microbiol. 2020, 29:11:566325 https://doi. org/ 10. 3389/ fmicb. 2020. 566325.
56. Negut I, Bita B, Groza A. Polymeric coatings and antimicrobial peptides as efficient systems for treating implantable medical devices associated-infections. Polymers (Basel). 2022;14:1611. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ polym 14081 611.
57. Yılmaz GE, Gokturk I, Ovezova M, Yilmaz F, Kilic S, Denizli A, Dali B. Antimicrobial nanomaterials: a review. Hygiene. 2023;3:269–90. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/hygie ne303 0020.
58. Bruna T, Maldonado-Bravo F, Jara P, Caro N. Silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial applications. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:7202. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ ijms2 21372 02.
59. Zorraquin-Pena I, Cueva C, Bartolome B, Moreno-Arribas MV. Silver nanoparticles against foodborne bacteria. Effects at intestinal level and health limitations. Microorganisms. 2020;8:132. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ micro organ isms8 010132.
60. Jangid H, Joshi HC, Dutta J, Ahmad A, Alshammari M.B, Hossain K, Pant G, Kumar G. Advancing food safety with biogenic silver nanoparticles: addressing antimicrobial resistance, sustainability, and commercial viability. Food Chem X. 2025;26: 102298. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. fochx. 2025. 102298.
61. De Videira V, CG, Harada BN, Vital V, De Silva R.A.G. Structural and antibacterial evaluation of copper, silver, and bimetallic silver/copper nanoalloys synthesized in chitosan biopolymer. Next Mater. 2024;3:100071. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. nxmate. 2023. 100071.
62. Gao L, Zhang A. Copper-instigated modulatory cell mortality mechanisms and progress in oncological treatment investigations. Front Immunol. 2023. https://doi. org/ 10. 3389/ fimmu. 2023. 12360 63.
63 Zahir A, Ge Z, Khan IA. Public health risks associated with food process contaminants—a review. J Food Prot. 2025;88: 100426. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. jfp. 2024. 100426.
64. Mendes CR, Dilarri G, Forsan CF, Spata V, Lopes P, Moraes P, Montagonlli R, Ferreira H, Bidoia E. Antibacterial action and target mechanisms of zinc oxide nanoparticles against bacterial pathogens. Sci Rep. 2022;12:2658. https://doi. org/ 10. 1038/ s41598- 022- 06657-y.
65. Reda AT, Park JY, Park YT. Zinc oxide-based nanomaterials for microbiostatic activities: a review. J Funct Biomater. 2024;15:103. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ jfb15 040103.
66. Mafe AN, Edo GI, Akpoghelie PO, Yousif M. Pepper soup: a cultural and culinary exploration of a traditional Nigerian dish, with a focus on health benefits and antimicrobial activity. Int J Gastron Food Sci. 2024;38:101036. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. ijgfs. 2024. 101036
67. Li C, Zhang C, Chen X, Cui H, Lin L. The interference mechanism of basil essential oil on the cell membrane barrier and respiratory metabolism of Listeria monocytogenes. Front Microbiol. 2022, 1:13:855905. https://doi. org/ 10. 3389/ fmicb. 2022. 855905.
68. Emiroğlu ZK, Yemiş GP, Coşkun BK, Candoğan K. Antimicrobial activity of soy edible films incorporated with thyme and oregano essential oils on fresh ground beef patties. MeatSci. 2010,86(2):283-3. https://doi. org/10.1016 /j.meatsci.2010.04.016.
69. Nawaz N, Wen S, Wang F, Nawaz Sh, Raza J, Iftikhar M, Usman M. Lysozyme and its application as antibacterial agent in food industry. Molecules. 2022;27:6305. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ molec ules2 71963 05.
70. Ragland SA, Criss AK. From bacterial killing to immune modulation: Recent insights into the functions of lysozyme. PLoS Pathog. 2017;13,e1006512. https://doi.org /10.1371/journal.ppat.1006512.
71. Beya MM, Netzel ME, Sultanbawa Y, Smyth H, Louwrens C.H. Plant-based phenolic molecules as natural preservatives in comminuted meats: a review. Antioxidants. 2021;10:263. https://doi. org/ 10. 3390/ antio x1002 0263.
72. Sar T, Kiraz P, Braho V, Harirchi Sh, Yesilcimen Akbas M. Novel perspectives on food-based natural antimicrobials: a review of recent findings published since 2020. microorganisms 2023,11,2234. https://doi.org/10.3390/ microorganisms11092234.
73. Jiao Y, Niu L, Ma S, Li J, Tay F.R, Chen JH. Quaternary ammonium-based biomedical materials: State-of-the-art, toxicological aspects and antimicrobial resistance. Prog Polym Sci. 2017;71:53–90. https://doi. org/ 10. 1016/j. progp olyms ci. 2017. 03. 001.
74 Arya S, Dwivedi AK, Alvarado L, Kupesic-Plavsic S. Exposure of U.S. population to endocrine disruptive chemicals (Parabens, Benzophenone-3, Bisphenol-A and Triclosan) and their associations with female infertility. Environ Pollut. 265:2020, 114763. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114763
75. Nadagouda MN, Vijayasarathy P, Sin A, Nam H, Khan S, Parambath B.M, Mohamed A, Han Ch. Antimicrobial activity of quaternary ammonium salts: structure-activity relationship. Med Chem Res. 2022;31:1663–78. https://doi. org/ 10. 1007/ s00044- 022- 02924-9.
76. Yixian Liu,William Z. Xu, Paul A. Charpentier. Synthesis of VO2/Poly(MMA-co-dMEMUABr) antimicrobial/ thermochromic dual-functional coatings. Prog Org Coat. 2020; 142: 105589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat. 2020.105589.
77. Sinicropi MS, Iacopetta D, Ceramella J, Catalano A, Mariconda A, Pellegrino M, Saturnino C, Longo P, Aquaros S. Triclosan: a small molecule with controversial roles. Antibiotics. 2022;11:735. https://doi.org/10.3390/antib iotic s1106 0735.
78. Contardo-Jara V, Meinecke S, Feibicke M, Berghahn R, Schmidt R, Mohr R. Fate, bioaccumulation and toxic effects of triclosan on a freshwater community – A mesocosm study. Env Adv. 2021;5:100100. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.envadv.2021.100100.