مروری بر پوشش‌‌های پلی‌‌یورتان‌‌ بر پایه موادزیستی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه پژوهشی طراحی فرآیندهای شیمیایی، دانشکده فنی، جهاد دانشگاهی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

پلی‌‌یورتان‌‌ها یکی از مهم‌‌ترین پلیمرهای چند منظوره هستند که به طور گسترده‌ای در ساخت فوم‌‌های سخت و نرم، چسب‌‌ها، پوشش‌‌ها، فیلم‌‌ها و سایر محصولات استفاده می‌‌شوند. پلی‌‌یورتان‌‌ها معمولاً از طریق واکنش بین ایزوسیانات‌‌ها و پلی‌‌‌‌ال‌‌ها تولید می‌‌شوند. اما افزایش نگرانی‌‌ها در مورد کاهش منابع نفتی، آلودگی محیط‌زیست و قیمت این مواد، تلاش‌‌های قابل‌توجهی را برای توسعه پلی‌‌یورتان‌‌ها و پلی‌‌ال‌‌ها از منابع تجدیدپذیر به ویژه در صنایع چسب و پوشش به دنبال داشته است. در پژوهش حاضر، طیف گسترده روغن‌‌های ‌‌گیاهی مورد استفاده در سنتز پلی‌‌یورتان‌‌ها معرفی شده و ساختارهای شیمیایی، منشأ و روش‌‌های سنتز پلی‌‌ال، پلی‌‌ایزوسیانات و پلی‌‌یورتان‌‌ها از روغن‌‌های گیاهی بررسی می‌‌شود. سپس خصوصیات چسب و پوشش‌‌های بر پایه مواد زیستی بر اساس اخرین تحقیقات مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و با خصوصیات چسب‌‌های تجاری مقایسه می‌‌شود. بررسی‌‌های انجام شده نشان می‌‌دهد که نوع روغن گیاهی، نسبت NCO/OH، انعطاف‌‌پذیری و حضور سایر مواد افزودنی از عوامل مهم و تاثیرگذار بر عملکرد چسب‌‌ها و پوشش‌‌های پلی‌‌یورتان هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Bio-Based Polyurethane Coatings: A Review

نویسنده [English]

  • Zohre Taherkhani
Chemical Process Design Research Group, ACECR, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Polyurethanes are one of the most important multifunctional polymers that are widely used in the manufacture of hard and soft foams, adhesives, coatings, films and other products. Polyurethanes are usually synthesized by the reaction between isocyanates and polyols. However, concerns over declining oil resources, environmental pollution, and the price of oil-based materials have led to significant efforts to develop polyurethanes and polyols from biorenewable sources, especially in the adhesive and coating industries. In the present study, a wide ranges of vegetable oils used in the preparation of polyurethanes are reviewed and the chemical structures and synthesis methods of polyol, polyisocyanates and bio-based polyurethanes from vegetable oils are investigated. Then the properties of adhesives and coatings based on biomaterials are disscussed and compared with the properties of commercial adhesives. Studies show that the type of vegetable oil, NCO / OH ratio, flexibility and the presence of other additives are the most important parameters that affects the performance of polyurethane adhesives and coatings.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Polyurethane
  • Coating and adhesive
  • Vegetable oil
  • Bio-Based material
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